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American Journal of Nursing June 2011 Karen Roush	Menopausal Hormone Therapy: What We Know Now This article describes the findings and limitations of the major research thus far on hormone therapy.
American Family Physician December 15, 2005 Janelle Guirguis-Blake	Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women The case study and answers to the following questions on hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women are based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
American Family Physician March 15, 2001 Jeannette E. South-Paul	Osteoporosis: Part II. Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatment Family physicians will frequently encounter patients with osteoporosis, a condition that is often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs...
American Family Physician March 15, 2004	Breast Cancer Risk Related to Type of Hormone Therapy Although several studies have demonstrated an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women taking oral hormone therapy, the risk related to each of the various forms of therapy is less clear.
American Family Physician October 1, 2004 Thomas M. Zizic	Pharmacologic Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures Of the drugs that have been approved for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, the bisphosphonates (risedronate and alendronate) are most effective in reducing the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures.
Nurse Practitioner June 2009 Ivy M. Alexander	Pharmacotherapeutic management of osteoporosis and osteopenia The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia, the precursor to osteoporosis, continues to increase.
American Family Physician July 1, 2002 Vincent Morelli	Alternative Therapies for Traditional Disease States: Menopause For most women, menopause is a normal phase of life that does not require medical intervention. However, some perimenopausal women seek treatment for vasomotor symptoms, while postmenopausal women may need treatment that can reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
Chemistry World July 12, 2007 Victoria Gill	Older Women Should Not Use HRT A long-term clinical trial into hormone replacement therapy has confirmed that HRT should not be prescribed to older women many years past menopause.
American Journal of Nursing August 2011 Karen Roush	Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Review This article provides an overview of osteoporosis, describes current recommendations for its prevention and treatment, and discusses nursing implications.
American Family Physician February 1, 2006 Dana G. Carroll	Nonhormonal Therapies for Hot Flashes in Menopause Hot flash symptoms can significantly impact a woman's quality of life and should be addressed. Severity of the hot flashes, medical history, and concomitant medications should be considered in determining the best therapy for each patient.
American Family Physician March 15, 2004	Use of Ultra-Low-Dose Estrogen to Prevent Bone Loss Estrogen therapy recently has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, and deep venous thrombosis, but it also decreases the risk of hip fracture.
Salon.com July 10, 2002 Trisha Posner	Death by hormones It's been more than 50 years since studies first sounded the alarm about hormone replacement therapy. Women, silenced by shame, have been guinea pigs of the pharmaceutical industry for too long.
American Family Physician May 1, 2006 Margo & Winn	Testosterone Treatments: Why, When, and How? Testosterone treatment is controversial for men and even more so for women. Although long-term outcome data are not available, prescriptions for testosterone are becoming more common.
American Family Physician April 1, 2001 Joan Bedinghaus	Coronary Artery Disease Prevention: What's Different for Women? Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women, as well as an important cause of disability, although many women and their physicians underestimate the risk...
Health August 24, 2009 Catherine Guthrie	The Latest on Hormone Therapy for Women It's not often that a middle-aged former sitcom star is at the center of an important health debate. But Suzanne Somers's hormone therapy -- has put her in the limelight.
American Journal of Nursing June 2012 Karen Roush	Managing Menopausal Symptoms This article reviews the literature on causes and treatments of peri- and postmenopausal symptoms.
American Family Physician April 1, 2003 Campion & Maricic	Osteoporosis in Men Osteoporosis in men is now recognized as an increasingly important public health issue. Increased awareness by physicians of risk factors for male osteoporosis -- and early diagnosis and treatment -- are needed to decrease the morbidity and mortality resulting from osteoporotic fractures.
Nursing Management August 2008 Jill R. Quinn	Women and Heart Disease: An Update A look at statistics regarding coronary heart disease in women as well as related risk factors and prevention.
Nurse Practitioner December 2011 Downs-Holmes & Silverman	Breast cancer: Overview & updates This overview of breast cancer will discuss pathologic features, local and systemic treatment considerations, endocrine therapy, metastatic treatment regimens, and follow-up for optimal breast health.
Nurse Practitioner January 2011 Reimer & Johnson	Atrophic vaginitis signs, symptoms, and better outcomes This article reviews physiology, clinical manifestations, signs, symptoms, and treatment methods for atrophic vaginitis.
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Nina Solenski	Transient Ischemic Attacks: Part II. Treatment Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack.
American Family Physician March 15, 2005 Lockman et al.	Treatment of Cholesterol Abnormalities The relationship between coronary heart disease and elevated cholesterol levels has been recognized for many years, but now studies show an improvement in patient-oriented outcomes in patients receiving drug therapy.
American Family Physician January 15, 2002 Lori J. Mosca	Optimal Management of Cholesterol Levels and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are significant risk factors for coronary heart disease. Abundant data show inadequate utilization of lipid-lowering therapy in women...
American Family Physician December 15, 2003 Ezekowitz et al.	Stroke: Strategies for Primary Prevention Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Every year, approximately 500,000 Americans have a first stroke, and approximately 20 percent die within 30 days. This article summarizes strategies that have been shown to be effective in stroke prevention.
BusinessWeek June 21, 2004 Catherine Arnst	Guard Your Bones Osteoporosis is one of the biggest health risks facing older women. What can be done to help prevent this disease?
Nurse Practitioner October 2009 Wallace et al.	Shedding light on prostate cancer This article will discuss the risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis of prostate cancer, and disease staging and grading, as well as necessary lab and diagnostic tests, treatment options and patient education.
Nursing March 2012 Susan Simmons	Recognizing and preventing Acute stroke in women In women, stroke is the third leading cause of death, after heart disease and cancer, and the major cause of disability.
American Family Physician April 15, 2004 Bazaldua & Bruder	STEPS Drug Update Teriparatide (Forteo) for Osteoporosis
American Family Physician April 15, 2003 Dickerson et al.	Premenstrual Syndrome Premenstrual syndrome, a common cyclic disorder of young and middle-aged women, is characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that consistently occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
American Family Physician June 15, 2005 Hanna & Wenger	Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Patients A review of the scientific evidence for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly.
Nurse Practitioner November 2010 Dreadin & Mancuso	Diagnostic breast evaluation: When to refer and what the results really mean Diagnostic breast imaging is an important tool in evaluating abnormal physical examination findings and assessing incomplete screening mammographic results.
AskMen.com September 30, 2000 Joshua Levine	Male Breast Cancer Breast cancer is traditionally thought of as a female-related problem. Men, however, are as susceptible to the disease as women are. In many ways, the disease appears similarly in both sexes...
American Family Physician February 15, 2005 Sunga et al.	Care of Cancer Survivors Cancer survivors are at increased risk for recurrence of their original malignancy. Surveillance following curative cancer treatment generally includes interval history and physical examinations every six months for five years.
American Family Physician August 1, 2000 Lecia M. Apantaku	Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Screening Statistics on breast cancer risk, symptoms and recommended tests.
American Family Physician March 1, 2001 Jeannette E. South-Paul	Osteoporosis: Part I. Evaluation and Assessment Because osteoporosis is usually asymptomatic until a fracture occurs, family physicians must identify the appropriate timing and methods for screening those at risk...
American Family Physician October 15, 2000 Barbara S. Apgar & Grant Greenberg	Using Progestins in Clinical Practice Progestational agents have many important functions, including regulation of the menstrual cycle, treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, prevention of endometrial cancer and hyperplastic precursor lesions, and contraception...
American Family Physician July 1, 2003 Benjamin Kligler	Black Cohosh Studies have demonstrated that this botanic medicine, when standardized properly to the terpene glycoside fraction, appears to be effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Adverse effects are extremely uncommon, and there are no known significant adverse drug interactions.
The Motley Fool February 26, 2008 Brian Orelli	The Less-Flashy Prostate Cancer Treatment GTx shows off clinical trial data for a drug that counters the side effects of prostate cancer treatments.
American Family Physician March 15, 2004	Transdermal Estrogen and Venous Thromboembolism Oral estrogen therapy has been associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women in observational studies and randomized controlled trials.
American Family Physician October 15, 2006 Sharonne N. Hayes	Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Women The American Heart Association guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women provide physicians with a clear plan for assessment and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk and personalization of treatment recommendations.
Nurse Practitioner September 2011 Wells & Kalman	Women & Heart Disease: Symptoms and Treatment Guidelines Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for women. Nurse practitioners need to educate women about their risk and follow practice guidelines.
American Family Physician March 1, 2004	Osteoporosis The definition, signs, and who's at risk of getting osteoporosis.
Nurse Practitioner August 2011 Michelle C. Thomas	Treatment options for Dysfunctional uterine bleeding The diagnosis and treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding can be a long emotional journey for the patient and a difficult challenge for the provider.
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 Michael A. Crouch	Effective Use of Statins to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease Primary and secondary prevention trials have shown that use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) to lower an elevated low-density lipoprotein level can substantially reduce coronary events and death from coronary heart disease...
American Family Physician June 15, 2006 Rao & Cherukuri	Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician's Role One in five persons dies in the first year after sustaining a hip fracture, and those who survive past one year may have significant functional limitation. Although surgery is the main treatment for hip fracture, family physicians play a key role as patients' medical consultants.
American Family Physician January 15, 2003 Brunner et al.	Hip Fractures in Adults Hip fracture is a major public health problem in the United States. When hip fracture is detected early, appropriate treatment can minimize morbidity and mortality and prevent the rapid decline in quality of life that often is associated with this injury.
Nursing January 2009 Ayers & Montgomery	Putting a stop to dysfunctional uterine bleeding Learn how to search for the source of abnormal bleeding and help your patient get back on track.
American Family Physician July 1, 2000 Nancy A. Phillips	Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment Sexual dysfunction includes desire, arousal, orgasmic and sex pain disorders (dyspareunia and vaginismus). Primary care physicians must assume a proactive role in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders...
American Family Physician December 15, 2002 Lecia M. Apantaku	Breast-Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer Surgical treatment of breast cancer has changed significantly in recent years. The preferred method of treatment for many women with early breast cancer is conservative surgical therapy.
Nurse Practitioner February 2012 Wood & Gordon	Preventing CVD in women: The NP's role This article focuses on the new American Heart Association guidelines for preventing cardiovascular disease in women and the nurse practitioner's role in implementing them.