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American Family Physician June 15, 2005 Hanna & Wenger	Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Patients A review of the scientific evidence for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly.
American Family Physician January 15, 2002 Lori J. Mosca	Optimal Management of Cholesterol Levels and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are significant risk factors for coronary heart disease. Abundant data show inadequate utilization of lipid-lowering therapy in women...
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 Michael A. Crouch	Effective Use of Statins to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease Primary and secondary prevention trials have shown that use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) to lower an elevated low-density lipoprotein level can substantially reduce coronary events and death from coronary heart disease...
American Family Physician March 1, 2002 Richard S. Safeer	Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines Update In addition to modifying current strategies of risk assessment, the new guidelines stress the importance of an aggressive therapeutic approach in the management of hypercholesterolemia...
American Family Physician October 15, 2003 Gavin et al.	Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes By increasing patient awareness of the link between diabetes and heart disease, family physicians can encourage patients to take medications (including aspirin), stop smoking, lower blood pressure, and lower cholesterol and blood glucose levels.
American Family Physician December 15, 2003 Ezekowitz et al.	Stroke: Strategies for Primary Prevention Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Every year, approximately 500,000 Americans have a first stroke, and approximately 20 percent die within 30 days. This article summarizes strategies that have been shown to be effective in stroke prevention.
American Family Physician December 15, 2000 Alan J. Garber	Attenuating Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes All cardiovascular risk factors except smoking are more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition to exercise, weight control, aspirin therapy and blood pressure control, therapy to modify lipid profiles is usually necessary...
American Family Physician October 15, 2006 Sharonne N. Hayes	Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Women The American Heart Association guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women provide physicians with a clear plan for assessment and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk and personalization of treatment recommendations.
American Family Physician April 1, 2001 Joan Bedinghaus	Coronary Artery Disease Prevention: What's Different for Women? Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women, as well as an important cause of disability, although many women and their physicians underestimate the risk...
Nursing Management August 2008 Jill R. Quinn	Women and Heart Disease: An Update A look at statistics regarding coronary heart disease in women as well as related risk factors and prevention.
Nurse Practitioner February 2012 Wood & Gordon	Preventing CVD in women: The NP's role This article focuses on the new American Heart Association guidelines for preventing cardiovascular disease in women and the nurse practitioner's role in implementing them.
Nurse Practitioner July 2010 Kristine A. Scordo	Treating antiretroviral-induced dyslipidemia in HIV-infected adults Studies indicate that HIV-infected patients (both males and females) may be at an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease
American Family Physician June 15, 2004 Darwin Deen	Metabolic Syndrome: Time for Action Family physicians can be more effective in helping patients to change their lifestyle behaviors by assessing each patient for the presence of specific risk factors, clearly communicating these risk factors to patients, identifying appropriate interventions to address specific risks, and assisting patients in identifying barriers to behavior change.
American Family Physician August 1, 2004 Wiviott & Braunwald	Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Part II. Coronary Revascularization, Hospital Discharge, and Post-Hospital Care In patients hospitalized with UA/NSTEMI, one of the most important decisions is the early strategy of care regarding coronary angiography and revascularization.
Nurse Practitioner September 2011 Wells & Kalman	Women & Heart Disease: Symptoms and Treatment Guidelines Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for women. Nurse practitioners need to educate women about their risk and follow practice guidelines.
American Family Physician July 15, 2005 Lee Radosh	STEPS: Colesevelam (WelChol) for Reduction of LDL Cholesterol Colesevelam lowers LDL cholesterol levels a small amount (7% to 16%) when used alone and provides additional cholesterol lowering when added to statin therapy.
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Nina Solenski	Transient Ischemic Attacks: Part II. Treatment Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack.
American Family Physician February 1, 2005 Dickerson & Gibson	Management of Hypertension in Older Persons Antihypertensive therapy has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in older patients with elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressures.
American Family Physician January 15, 2004 John Smucny	Does a Low-Sodium Diet Reduce Blood Pressure? Reducing sodium intake does lead to a slightly lower average blood pressure. However, no evidence from controlled trials proves that reducing sodium intake decreases morbidity or mortality, or proves that modest sodium restriction is harmful.
American Family Physician December 1, 2004 McConaghy & Smith	Outpatient Treatment of Systolic Heart Failure Optimal outpatient treatment of systolic heart failure has three goals that should be pursued simultaneously: (1) control of risk factors for the development and progression of heart failure, (2) treatment of heart failure, and (3) education of patients.
Managed Care April 2004 Jack McCain	Statin Therapy: More Than Meets the Eye? Statin selection has just become more complicated. Will physicians be diverted from interventions that may be less costly and just as effective?
Nursing Management January 2012 Lawrence et al.	Type 2 Diabetes: Growing to Epic Proportions Affecting all age groups and all aspects of a person's life, diabetes is a major public health issue worldwide, requiring lifelong behavioral and lifestyle changes and support.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Magill et al.	New Developments in the Management of Hypertension Advances in the management of hypertension have refined our understanding of systolic blood pressure, nutrition, medication selection, and hypertension in special populations.
Nurse Practitioner November 2011 Tracy Brazziel et al.	Stopping the Wave of PAD Early detection and diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease is imperative. Here, learn the risk factors, screening and diagnosis for this disease.
American Family Physician March 1, 2007 Flood & Fleisher	Preparation of the Cardiac Patient for Noncardiac Surgery Perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who have noncardiac surgery.
American Family Physician November 15, 2005 Goldman-Levine & Bohlman	STEPS Review of the drug EZetimibe/Simvastatin used for hypercholesterolemia.
American Family Physician July 1, 2002 Vincent Morelli	Alternative Therapies for Traditional Disease States: Menopause For most women, menopause is a normal phase of life that does not require medical intervention. However, some perimenopausal women seek treatment for vasomotor symptoms, while postmenopausal women may need treatment that can reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Daphne P. Bicket	Using ACE Inhibitors Appropriately Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have documented clinical benefits in a variety of clinical situations, the disparity between the evidence from clinical trials and bedside medicine is well documented.
American Family Physician September 15, 2000 Kevin A. Pearce, M.D., M.P.H., Maria G. Boosalis, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D., L.D. & Bryan Yeager, Pharm.D.	Update on Vitamin Supplements for the Prevention of Coronary Disease and Stroke We review patient-oriented evidence on the effectiveness of supplementation with antioxidants and/or folic acid in the prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke...
Nursing August 2008 Carl A. Kirton	Managing Long-Term Complications of HIV Infection Now that advances in treatment have transformed HIV into a chronic, manageable disease, patients are facing cardiovascular and metabolic complications you might not have expected 15 years ago. Here's how to help your patient manage them.
American Family Physician February 1, 2004 Lesho et al.	Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease Peripheral arterial disease is common, but the diagnosis frequently is overlooked because of subtle physical findings and lack of classic symptoms.
Nursing March 2012 Susan Simmons	Recognizing and preventing Acute stroke in women In women, stroke is the third leading cause of death, after heart disease and cancer, and the major cause of disability.
American Journal of Nursing May 2009 Kristen J. Overbaugh	Acute Coronary Syndrome Coronary artery disease, in which atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries and restricts the flow of blood (and therefore the delivery of oxygen) to the heart, continues to be the number-one killer of Americans.
Nurse Practitioner July 2011 Kass-Wolff & Fisher	Menopause and the Hormone Controversy: Clarification or Confusion? Hormone therapy in perimenopause and menopause remains a controversial and often confusing management strategy for healthcare providers. To assist in providing women quality healthcare, recently published new guidelines help provide direction for NPs.
American Family Physician July 15, 2000 Ethan M. Berke & Nancy E. Morden	Medical Management of Obesity Family physicians must treat any conditions associated with obesity while working with patients on methods to achieve and maintain weight loss...
American Family Physician October 1, 2002 Konzem et al.	Controlling Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are common diseases in the United States. Patients with diabetes have a much higher rate of hypertension than would be expected in the general population. Regardless of the antihypertensive agent used, a reduction in blood pressure helps to prevent diabetic complications.
American Family Physician October 15, 2003 Morris & Tiller	Ezetimibe for Hypercholesterolemia Ezetimibe is safe and effective for lowering LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but has not been shown to affect patient-oriented outcomes.
BusinessWeek April 19, 2004 Catherine Arnst	Cholesterol: How Low Should It Be? New studies say as low as possible, but drugs aren't for everybody
American Family Physician June 1, 2006 Wexler & Aukerman	Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Managing Hypertension Hypertensive therapy interventions in the US, such as lifestyle and dietary modification, often are overlooked. Although some lifestyle modifications may seem to offer only minimal blood pressure-lowering effects, they should not be discounted.
Pharmaceutical Executive February 1, 2009 Walter Armstrong	Brand of the Year: Crestor For aiming to be a game-changer in cardiovascular disease, we recognize comeback kid Crestor as the year's No. 1. Plus three fine finalists.
Chemistry World September 18, 2015 Rebecca Trager	Amgen expands cardiovascular portfolio with Dezima acquisition Dezima's lead molecule is the cholesterol-lowering drug TA-8995.
American Family Physician January 15, 2006 Olendzki, Speed & Domino	Nutritional Assessment and Counseling for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Physicians face several barriers to counseling their patients about nutrition, including conflicting evidence of the benefit of counseling, limited training and understanding of the topic, and imperfect and varied guidelines to follow.
American Family Physician December 1, 2000 William E. Chavey	The Importance of Beta Blockers in the Treatment of Heart Failure Traditionally, beta blockers have been considered to be contraindicated in patients with heart failure. Recently, however, several large randomized, controlled mortality trials have been stopped early because of the effects of beta blockers...
Nursing January 2011 Carl A. Kirton	HIV: The Changing Epidemic Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV infection in the United States has evolved from an acute debilitating condition to a chronic, treatable illness.
Nurse Practitioner February 2011 Jennifer M. Belavic	Annual Drug Update: 2010 in Review In 2010, the FDA approved several new drugs and new indications for use in primary care. From new therapies for adults with rheumatoid arthritis to a combination drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia, NPs need to be aware of the latest medications now available.
Nutra Solutions July 1, 2005 Keating & Leigh	Heart-healthy Ingredients: The Beat Goes On Nutraceutical companies respond to cardiovascular disease with products that control cholesterol levels, increase fiber intake and contain omega-3s, phytosterols, garlic and other beneficial ingredients.
American Family Physician March 15, 2006 Wilson & Sanford	Amlodipine/Atorvastatin (Caduet) for Preventing Heart Disease Amlodipine/atorvastatin offers no added benefit in safety, tolerability, or effectiveness over amlodipine and atorvastatin taken separately. It has not been shown to improve mortality or morbidity in patients who have hypertension with or without dyslipidemia.
Nutra Solutions April 1, 2006 Kerry Hughes	Additions to Heart Health The Portolio Eating Plan successfully assembles key nutritional ingredients known to lower cholesterol into one diet.
American Family Physician November 15, 2002 Cynthia M. Williams	Using Medications Appropriately in Older Adults Finding the right balance between too few and too many drugs will help ensure increased longevity, improved overall health, and enhanced functioning and quality of life for the aging population.
Nursing September 2010 Margaret M. Bolton	Sounding the alarm about metabolic syndrome Any health problem that affects a third of American adults is sure to impact your nursing practice. Metabolic syndrome, a growing and commonly silent condition, poses a significant public health crisis.