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American Family Physician December 15, 2003 Ezekowitz et al.	Stroke: Strategies for Primary Prevention Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Every year, approximately 500,000 Americans have a first stroke, and approximately 20 percent die within 30 days. This article summarizes strategies that have been shown to be effective in stroke prevention.
American Family Physician July 15, 2002 Dana E. King	Acute Management of Atrial Fibrillation: Part II. Prevention of Thromboembolic Complications Family physicians should be familiar with the acute management of atrial fibrillation and the initiation of chronic therapy for this common arrhythmia. Part II of this two-part article focuses on the prevention of thromboembolic complications using anticoagulation.
Nurse Practitioner February 2012 Wood & Gordon	Preventing CVD in women: The NP's role This article focuses on the new American Heart Association guidelines for preventing cardiovascular disease in women and the nurse practitioner's role in implementing them.
American Family Physician June 15, 2005 Mark H. Ebell	Decision-Making Tool for Treating Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation What is the risk of stroke in a patient with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and should that patient be given warfarin (Coumadin) or aspirin?
American Family Physician June 15, 2005 Hanna & Wenger	Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Patients A review of the scientific evidence for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly.
American Family Physician October 15, 2006 Sharonne N. Hayes	Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Women The American Heart Association guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women provide physicians with a clear plan for assessment and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk and personalization of treatment recommendations.
American Family Physician October 15, 2003 Gavin et al.	Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes By increasing patient awareness of the link between diabetes and heart disease, family physicians can encourage patients to take medications (including aspirin), stop smoking, lower blood pressure, and lower cholesterol and blood glucose levels.
Nursing March 2011 Mink & Miller	Stroke, Part 2: Respond aggressively to hemorrhagic stroke Patients may arrive at the hospital any time from minutes to days after a hemorrhagic stroke, and nurses need to be prepared for the unique challenges associated with their care.
Nursing March 2012 Susan Simmons	Recognizing and preventing Acute stroke in women In women, stroke is the third leading cause of death, after heart disease and cancer, and the major cause of disability.
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Nina Solenski	Transient Ischemic Attacks: Part I. Diagnosis and Evaluation Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is no longer considered a benign event but, rather, a critical harbinger of impending stroke.
American Family Physician February 1, 2005 Dickerson & Gibson	Management of Hypertension in Older Persons Antihypertensive therapy has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in older patients with elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressures.
American Family Physician August 1, 2004 Wiviott & Braunwald	Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Part II. Coronary Revascularization, Hospital Discharge, and Post-Hospital Care In patients hospitalized with UA/NSTEMI, one of the most important decisions is the early strategy of care regarding coronary angiography and revascularization.
American Family Physician January 15, 2002 Lori J. Mosca	Optimal Management of Cholesterol Levels and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are significant risk factors for coronary heart disease. Abundant data show inadequate utilization of lipid-lowering therapy in women...
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Daphne P. Bicket	Using ACE Inhibitors Appropriately Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have documented clinical benefits in a variety of clinical situations, the disparity between the evidence from clinical trials and bedside medicine is well documented.
American Family Physician March 15, 2005 Lockman et al.	Treatment of Cholesterol Abnormalities The relationship between coronary heart disease and elevated cholesterol levels has been recognized for many years, but now studies show an improvement in patient-oriented outcomes in patients receiving drug therapy.
Nurse Practitioner March 2009 Patricia Weyland	Warfarin Therapy Management :Tap in to New Ways to Slow the Clot Patients on warfarin require close monitoring in order to decrease their risk of clotting, while also decreasing their risk of bleeding.
American Family Physician January 1, 2007 Lee et al.	Vascular Surgery: An Update Caring for patients with vascular illnesses has become increasingly more complex and has changed dramatically over the past 10 years, with a widening array of diagnostic and treatment options.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Magill et al.	New Developments in the Management of Hypertension Advances in the management of hypertension have refined our understanding of systolic blood pressure, nutrition, medication selection, and hypertension in special populations.
Nursing May 2009 Miller & Mink	Acute Ischemic Stroke: Not a Moment to Lose A review of the guidelines for acute ischemic stroke care for adults, based on the most recent revisions. Plus, a look at the two types of strokes.
American Journal of Nursing May 2009 Kristen J. Overbaugh	Acute Coronary Syndrome Coronary artery disease, in which atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries and restricts the flow of blood (and therefore the delivery of oxygen) to the heart, continues to be the number-one killer of Americans.
American Family Physician September 15, 2006 Mark H. Ebell	Predicting Short-term Risk of Stroke After TIA Because guidelines do not mandate hospitalization for patients who have had a transient ischemic attack, validated clinical prediction rules may be used to identify patients who should definitely be hospitalized for expedited evaluation and patients for whom outpatient evaluation is a reasonable option.
Nurse Practitioner November 2011 Tracy Brazziel et al.	Stopping the Wave of PAD Early detection and diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease is imperative. Here, learn the risk factors, screening and diagnosis for this disease.
American Family Physician December 1, 2004 McConaghy & Smith	Outpatient Treatment of Systolic Heart Failure Optimal outpatient treatment of systolic heart failure has three goals that should be pursued simultaneously: (1) control of risk factors for the development and progression of heart failure, (2) treatment of heart failure, and (3) education of patients.
Nurse Practitioner September 2011 Wells & Kalman	Women & Heart Disease: Symptoms and Treatment Guidelines Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for women. Nurse practitioners need to educate women about their risk and follow practice guidelines.
American Family Physician May 1, 2006 Luma & Spiotta	Hypertension in Children and Adolescents The prevalence and rate of diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents appear to be increasing. Most childhood hypertension, particularly in preadolescents, is secondary to an underlying disorder.
American Family Physician October 1, 2002 Konzem et al.	Controlling Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are common diseases in the United States. Patients with diabetes have a much higher rate of hypertension than would be expected in the general population. Regardless of the antihypertensive agent used, a reduction in blood pressure helps to prevent diabetic complications.
Nursing March 2009 Kate J. Morse	Focusing on the Surgical Patient with Cardiac Problems Learn about the latest guidelines for assessing cardiac risk and protecting his heart during noncardiac surgery.
Nurse Practitioner July 2010 Kristine A. Scordo	Treating antiretroviral-induced dyslipidemia in HIV-infected adults Studies indicate that HIV-infected patients (both males and females) may be at an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease
American Family Physician September 15, 2001	Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure Caused by Systolic Dysfunction: Part II. Treatment Treatment recommendations for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction...
Nursing Management August 2008 Jill R. Quinn	Women and Heart Disease: An Update A look at statistics regarding coronary heart disease in women as well as related risk factors and prevention.
American Family Physician February 1, 2004 Lesho et al.	Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease Peripheral arterial disease is common, but the diagnosis frequently is overlooked because of subtle physical findings and lack of classic symptoms.
American Family Physician April 1, 2001 Joan Bedinghaus	Coronary Artery Disease Prevention: What's Different for Women? Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women, as well as an important cause of disability, although many women and their physicians underestimate the risk...
American Family Physician August 1, 2004 Wiviott & Braunwald	Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Part I. Initial Evaluation and Management, and Hospital Care Because of the scope of the problem, it is important for family physicians to understand the diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of this syndrome.
Nursing June 2011 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2011: Part 2 In this article, you'll learn about seven recently approved drugs, including: fingolimod hydrochloride, an oral drug indicated to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
Managed Care June 2001 Walter Alexander	Trials Support Chronic Therapy For High-Risk Cardiovascular Patients HOPE and CURE trials find that significant reductions in major cardiovascular events are associated with ramipril and clopidogrel therapies...
Nursing Management January 2012 Lawrence et al.	Type 2 Diabetes: Growing to Epic Proportions Affecting all age groups and all aspects of a person's life, diabetes is a major public health issue worldwide, requiring lifelong behavioral and lifestyle changes and support.
Nursing September 2010 Margaret M. Bolton	Sounding the alarm about metabolic syndrome Any health problem that affects a third of American adults is sure to impact your nursing practice. Metabolic syndrome, a growing and commonly silent condition, poses a significant public health crisis.
American Family Physician December 15, 2000 Alan J. Garber	Attenuating Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes All cardiovascular risk factors except smoking are more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition to exercise, weight control, aspirin therapy and blood pressure control, therapy to modify lipid profiles is usually necessary...
Nursing January 2011 Carl A. Kirton	HIV: The Changing Epidemic Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV infection in the United States has evolved from an acute debilitating condition to a chronic, treatable illness.
Nursing May 2010 Debra Castner	Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease This article will help you to recognize CKD and understand its stages so you can help your patient to modify risk factors, prevent further kidney damage, and manage complications. First, consider the scope of the problem.
Nursing June 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New drugs 2010, part 2 In this article, you'll learn about 14 recently marketed new drugs.
Nurse Practitioner July 2011 Kass-Wolff & Fisher	Menopause and the Hormone Controversy: Clarification or Confusion? Hormone therapy in perimenopause and menopause remains a controversial and often confusing management strategy for healthcare providers. To assist in providing women quality healthcare, recently published new guidelines help provide direction for NPs.
American Family Physician June 1, 2006 Wexler & Aukerman	Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Managing Hypertension Hypertensive therapy interventions in the US, such as lifestyle and dietary modification, often are overlooked. Although some lifestyle modifications may seem to offer only minimal blood pressure-lowering effects, they should not be discounted.
American Family Physician March 1, 2006 Satpathy et al.	Diagnosis and Management of Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure With early diagnosis and proper management the prognosis of diastolic dysfunction is more favorable than that of systolic dysfunction. Distinguishing diastolic from systolic heart failure is essential because the optimal therapy for one may aggravate the other.
American Family Physician July 15, 2006 Mehta et al.	Opportunities to Improve Outcomes in Sickle Cell Disease Family physicians play a crucial role in instituting evidence-based preventive sickle cell care strategies, initiating timely treatment of acute illness, recognizing life-threatening episodes, and providing a medical home for multidisciplinary management.
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Mark W. Niedfeldt	Managing Hypertension in Athletes and Physically Active Patients Athletes and other physically active patients should be screened for hypertension and given appropriate therapy if needed.
Nurse Practitioner February 2011 Jennifer M. Belavic	Annual Drug Update: 2010 in Review In 2010, the FDA approved several new drugs and new indications for use in primary care. From new therapies for adults with rheumatoid arthritis to a combination drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia, NPs need to be aware of the latest medications now available.
Nutrition Action Healthletter September 2001	Brain Attack: What you need to know about stroke...
American Family Physician June 1, 2004 Gutierrez & Blanchard	Diastolic Heart Failure: Challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment The outcomes of ongoing clinical trials may provide much-needed information about diastolic heart failure to move from intuitive treatment to therapy based on evidence that matters: decreased morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life.
American Journal of Nursing June 2011 Karen Roush	Menopausal Hormone Therapy: What We Know Now This article describes the findings and limitations of the major research thus far on hormone therapy.