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American Family Physician February 1, 2005 Dickerson & Gibson	Management of Hypertension in Older Persons Antihypertensive therapy has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in older patients with elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressures.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Magill et al.	New Developments in the Management of Hypertension Advances in the management of hypertension have refined our understanding of systolic blood pressure, nutrition, medication selection, and hypertension in special populations.
American Family Physician October 1, 2002 Konzem et al.	Controlling Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are common diseases in the United States. Patients with diabetes have a much higher rate of hypertension than would be expected in the general population. Regardless of the antihypertensive agent used, a reduction in blood pressure helps to prevent diabetic complications.
American Family Physician May 1, 2006 Luma & Spiotta	Hypertension in Children and Adolescents The prevalence and rate of diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents appear to be increasing. Most childhood hypertension, particularly in preadolescents, is secondary to an underlying disorder.
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Daphne P. Bicket	Using ACE Inhibitors Appropriately Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have documented clinical benefits in a variety of clinical situations, the disparity between the evidence from clinical trials and bedside medicine is well documented.
American Family Physician June 15, 2005 Hanna & Wenger	Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Patients A review of the scientific evidence for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly.
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Edward Onusko	Diagnosing Secondary Hypertension Secondary hypertension is elevated blood pressure that results from an underlying, identifiable, often correctable cause. Only about 5 to 10 percent of hypertension cases are thought to result from secondary causes. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used to help determine a secondary cause of hypertension.
American Family Physician September 15, 2001	Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure Caused by Systolic Dysfunction: Part II. Treatment Treatment recommendations for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction...
American Family Physician March 1, 2006 Satpathy et al.	Diagnosis and Management of Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure With early diagnosis and proper management the prognosis of diastolic dysfunction is more favorable than that of systolic dysfunction. Distinguishing diastolic from systolic heart failure is essential because the optimal therapy for one may aggravate the other.
American Family Physician June 1, 2006 Wexler & Aukerman	Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Managing Hypertension Hypertensive therapy interventions in the US, such as lifestyle and dietary modification, often are overlooked. Although some lifestyle modifications may seem to offer only minimal blood pressure-lowering effects, they should not be discounted.
American Family Physician April 15, 2001 Robert E. Hoyt & Lester Shawn	Reducing Readmissions for Congestive Heart Failure Hospital admission for congestive heart failure is extremely common and quite expensive, although it is frequently preventable...
American Family Physician July 15, 2000 Ethan M. Berke & Nancy E. Morden	Medical Management of Obesity Family physicians must treat any conditions associated with obesity while working with patients on methods to achieve and maintain weight loss...
Nurse Practitioner February 2011 Jennifer M. Belavic	Annual Drug Update: 2010 in Review In 2010, the FDA approved several new drugs and new indications for use in primary care. From new therapies for adults with rheumatoid arthritis to a combination drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia, NPs need to be aware of the latest medications now available.
Nursing Management January 2012 Lawrence et al.	Type 2 Diabetes: Growing to Epic Proportions Affecting all age groups and all aspects of a person's life, diabetes is a major public health issue worldwide, requiring lifelong behavioral and lifestyle changes and support.
American Family Physician October 15, 2003 Gavin et al.	Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes By increasing patient awareness of the link between diabetes and heart disease, family physicians can encourage patients to take medications (including aspirin), stop smoking, lower blood pressure, and lower cholesterol and blood glucose levels.
American Family Physician December 1, 2004 McConaghy & Smith	Outpatient Treatment of Systolic Heart Failure Optimal outpatient treatment of systolic heart failure has three goals that should be pursued simultaneously: (1) control of risk factors for the development and progression of heart failure, (2) treatment of heart failure, and (3) education of patients.
Nursing May 2010 Debra Castner	Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease This article will help you to recognize CKD and understand its stages so you can help your patient to modify risk factors, prevent further kidney damage, and manage complications. First, consider the scope of the problem.
Nurse Practitioner February 2012 Wood & Gordon	Preventing CVD in women: The NP's role This article focuses on the new American Heart Association guidelines for preventing cardiovascular disease in women and the nurse practitioner's role in implementing them.
American Family Physician December 15, 2003 Ezekowitz et al.	Stroke: Strategies for Primary Prevention Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Every year, approximately 500,000 Americans have a first stroke, and approximately 20 percent die within 30 days. This article summarizes strategies that have been shown to be effective in stroke prevention.
American Family Physician July 1, 2005 Micah L. Thorp	Diabetic Nephropathy: Common Questions Diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic kidney disease, affects 20% - 30% of patients with diabetes. This article addresses some of the common questions raised by physicians managing patients with this disease.
American Family Physician November 15, 2002 Cynthia M. Williams	Using Medications Appropriately in Older Adults Finding the right balance between too few and too many drugs will help ensure increased longevity, improved overall health, and enhanced functioning and quality of life for the aging population.
American Family Physician October 15, 2001 Katherine L. Margo	Spironolactone in Left-Sided Heart Failure: How Does It Fit In? The familiar diuretic spironolactone has taken on new life as a treatment for left-sided congestive heart failure. More research is necessary to determine the order and combinations of spironolactone and other medications in slowing the progression of this disease...
Nursing March 2011 Ali & Gray-Vickrey	Limiting the Damage From Acute Kidney Injury This article will discuss your role in early detection and management of AKI with an emphasis on care for older adults.
American Family Physician November 15, 2000 Tarik M. Ramahi	Beta Blocker Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure Recent studies have shown that beta blocker therapy improves survival and reduces hospitalizations in patients who have chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction...
American Family Physician June 1, 2004 Gutierrez & Blanchard	Diastolic Heart Failure: Challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment The outcomes of ongoing clinical trials may provide much-needed information about diastolic heart failure to move from intuitive treatment to therapy based on evidence that matters: decreased morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life.
American Family Physician January 15, 2002 Lori J. Mosca	Optimal Management of Cholesterol Levels and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are significant risk factors for coronary heart disease. Abundant data show inadequate utilization of lipid-lowering therapy in women...
American Family Physician June 1, 2005 O'Brien & Chennubhotla	Treatment of Edema Major causes of edema include venous obstruction, increased capillary permeability, and increased plasma volume secondary to sodium and water retention. A systematic approach is warranted to determine the underlying diagnosis.
Nursing February 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2010, PART 1 In this article, you'll learn about 16 new drugs.
American Family Physician June 15, 2004 Darwin Deen	Metabolic Syndrome: Time for Action Family physicians can be more effective in helping patients to change their lifestyle behaviors by assessing each patient for the presence of specific risk factors, clearly communicating these risk factors to patients, identifying appropriate interventions to address specific risks, and assisting patients in identifying barriers to behavior change.
American Family Physician December 15, 2000 Alan J. Garber	Attenuating Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes All cardiovascular risk factors except smoking are more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition to exercise, weight control, aspirin therapy and blood pressure control, therapy to modify lipid profiles is usually necessary...
American Journal of Nursing May 2009 Kristen J. Overbaugh	Acute Coronary Syndrome Coronary artery disease, in which atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries and restricts the flow of blood (and therefore the delivery of oxygen) to the heart, continues to be the number-one killer of Americans.
AskMen.com September 1, 2003 Mike Davison	Do You Have High Blood Pressure? With approximately 58 million -- or one in four -- American adults suffering from high blood pressure, how do you know for certain if you are at risk? Arm yourself with the facts and find out.
American Family Physician March 1, 2001 Dale M. Ahrendt	Ergogenic Aids: Counseling the Athlete Numerous ergogenic aids that claim to enhance sports performance are used by amateur and professional athletes. If physicians can guide athletes away from disproven and dangerous supplements, while maintaining honest lines of communication, then serious health risks may be prevented...
American Family Physician April 1, 2001 Joan Bedinghaus	Coronary Artery Disease Prevention: What's Different for Women? Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women, as well as an important cause of disability, although many women and their physicians underestimate the risk...
American Family Physician November 1, 2003 Scow et al.	Combination Therapy with ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers in Heart Failure This article reviews the literature and available evidence on the use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers in combination for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure.
Nurse Practitioner November 2011 Tracy Brazziel et al.	Stopping the Wave of PAD Early detection and diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease is imperative. Here, learn the risk factors, screening and diagnosis for this disease.
American Family Physician November 15, 2004 Snively & Gutierrez	Chronic Kidney Disease: Prevention and Treatment of Common Complications Family physicians have the opportunity to screen at-risk patients, identify affected patients, and ameliorate the impact of chronic kidney disease by initiating early therapy and monitoring disease progression.
Nursing September 2010 Margaret M. Bolton	Sounding the alarm about metabolic syndrome Any health problem that affects a third of American adults is sure to impact your nursing practice. Metabolic syndrome, a growing and commonly silent condition, poses a significant public health crisis.
Nursing December 2009 Vincent M. Vacca	On the Alert for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Progressive and ultimately fatal, pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disease of the pulmonary arterial vasculature with no known cause.
American Family Physician January 15, 2006 Hollander-Rodriguez & Calvert	Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening metabolic problem caused by inability of the kidneys to excrete potassium, impairment of the mechanisms that move potassium from the circulation into the cells, or a combination of these factors.
Nursing January 2011 Carl A. Kirton	HIV: The Changing Epidemic Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV infection in the United States has evolved from an acute debilitating condition to a chronic, treatable illness.
Nurse Practitioner July 2010 Kristine A. Scordo	Treating antiretroviral-induced dyslipidemia in HIV-infected adults Studies indicate that HIV-infected patients (both males and females) may be at an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease
American Family Physician October 15, 2006 Sharonne N. Hayes	Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Women The American Heart Association guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women provide physicians with a clear plan for assessment and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk and personalization of treatment recommendations.
American Family Physician February 1, 2002 Robert J. Nied & Barry Franklin	Promoting and Prescribing Exercise for the Elderly Physicians play a key role in motivating older patients and advising them regarding their physical limitations and/or comorbidities. Motivating patients to begin exercise is best achieved by focusing on individual patient goals, concerns, and barriers to exercise...
American Family Physician April 1, 2004 Nina Solenski	Transient Ischemic Attacks: Part II. Treatment Risk factors for stroke should be evaluated in patients who have had a transient ischemic attack.
American Family Physician October 15, 2004	High Blood Pressure An informative pamphlet on what high blood pressure is, what the numbers mean and how and when the condition may be treated.
American Family Physician October 15, 2002 Mahesh Krishnan	Preoperative Care of Patients with Kidney Disease Preoperative attention to common medical problems that occur in patients with impaired renal function can lower some surgical risks.
Nursing June 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New drugs 2010, part 2 In this article, you'll learn about 14 recently marketed new drugs.
Nurse Practitioner December 2011	Managing pain in obese patients Obesity-related pain conditions can limit the patient's efforts at increasing activity and limit quality of life. This article will offer information on these conditions and treatment options.
American Family Physician May 1, 2001 Trenton D. Nauser & Steven W. Stites	Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Regardless of the etiology, unrelieved pulmonary hypertension can lead to right-sided heart failure. Signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are often subtle and nonspecific...