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American Family Physician April 1, 2003 Campion & Maricic	Osteoporosis in Men Osteoporosis in men is now recognized as an increasingly important public health issue. Increased awareness by physicians of risk factors for male osteoporosis -- and early diagnosis and treatment -- are needed to decrease the morbidity and mortality resulting from osteoporotic fractures.
American Family Physician January 1, 2004 Old & Calvert	Vertebral Compression Fractures in the Elderly Compression fracture of the vertebral body is common, especially in older adults. Vertebral compression fractures usually are caused by osteoporosis. Family physicians can help patients prevent compression fractures by diagnosing and treating predisposing factors.
Nurse Practitioner June 2012 Jane E. Corrarino	Stress fractures in runners Many runners in the United States are at risk for stress-related injuries, which are largely preventable. This article explores risks, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and rehabilitation.
American Journal of Nursing August 2011 Karen Roush	Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Review This article provides an overview of osteoporosis, describes current recommendations for its prevention and treatment, and discusses nursing implications.
American Family Physician April 1, 2002 Richard Brunader	Radiologic Bone Assessment in the Evaluation of Osteoporosis Because osteoporosis affects a large number of patients with potentially significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify patients at risk so that physicians can effectively intervene...
American Family Physician June 15, 2006 Rao & Cherukuri	Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician's Role One in five persons dies in the first year after sustaining a hip fracture, and those who survive past one year may have significant functional limitation. Although surgery is the main treatment for hip fracture, family physicians play a key role as patients' medical consultants.
American Family Physician October 15, 2001 Vincent Morelli	Groin Injuries in Athletes Groin injuries comprise 2 to 5 percent of all sports injuries. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to prevent these injuries from becoming chronic and potentially career-limiting...
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Coris & Lombardo	Tarsal Navicular Stress Fractures Stress fractures of the tarsal navicular bone are being recognized with increasing frequency in physically active persons. Diagnosis is commonly delayed, and outcome often suffers because physicians lack familiarity with the condition.
Nurse Practitioner June 2009 Ivy M. Alexander	Pharmacotherapeutic management of osteoporosis and osteopenia The estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia, the precursor to osteoporosis, continues to increase.
Nursing December 2011 Judith A. Nagle	Getting "hip" to hip hemiarthroplasty This article discusses arthroplasty, the surgery used to restore motion to a joint and function to the muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues that control the joint.
American Family Physician October 1, 2004 Thomas M. Zizic	Pharmacologic Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures Of the drugs that have been approved for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, the bisphosphonates (risedronate and alendronate) are most effective in reducing the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures.
American Family Physician September 1, 2002 Judd & Kim	Foot Fractures Frequently Misdiagnosed as Ankle Sprains Most ankle injuries are straightforward ligamentous injuries. However, the clinical presentation of subtle fractures can be similar to that of ankle sprains, and these fractures are frequently missed on initial examination.
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Phillips, Reibach & Slomiany	Diagnosis and Management of Scaphoid Fractures Scaphoid fracture is a common injury encountered in family medicine. To avoid missing this diagnosis, a high index of suspicion and a thorough history and physical examination are necessary, because early imaging often is unrevealing.
American Family Physician October 15, 2003 Sanderlin & Raspa	Common Stress Fractures Stress fractures are among the most common sports injuries and are frequently managed by family physicians. A stress fracture should be suspected in any patient presenting with localized bone or periosteal pain.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Forman, Forman & Rose	A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Wrist Pain Primary care physicians often are the first to evaluate and treat a patient with wrist pain. A detailed history alone may lead to a specific diagnosis in approximately 70% of patients who have wrist pain.
American Family Physician March 1, 2001 Jeannette E. South-Paul	Osteoporosis: Part I. Evaluation and Assessment Because osteoporosis is usually asymptomatic until a fracture occurs, family physicians must identify the appropriate timing and methods for screening those at risk...
Nursing April 2010 Michelle D. Smeltzer	Making a point about open fractures This article describes fractures, explains the difference between open and closed fractures, and tells how to care for a patient who's had an open fracture.
American Family Physician June 15, 2006	Recovering from a Hip Fracture: What You Should Know A patient guide: What is a hip fracture?... How do I know if I have a hip fracture?... Who gets hip fractures?... How is a hip fracture treated?... What can I expect after surgery?...
American Family Physician June 1, 2002 S. Craig Humphreys	Neuroimaging in Low Back Pain Patients commonly present to family physicians with low back pain. Because the majority of patients fully or partially recover within six weeks, imaging studies are generally not recommended in the first month of acute low back pain.
American Family Physician August 15, 2001 Daisy Arce	Recognizing Spinal Cord Emergencies Physicians who work in primary care settings and emergency departments frequently evaluate patients with neck and back pain. Spinal cord emergencies are uncommon, but injury must be recognized early so that the diagnosis can be quickly confirmed...
Nursing August 2011 Sandra C. Voda	Bad breaks: A nurse's guide to distal radius fractures The most common upper extremity fracture, distal radius fracture accounts for an estimated 17% of fractures treated in the United States emergency departments and 16% of all fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons.
American Family Physician March 15, 2001 Jeannette E. South-Paul	Osteoporosis: Part II. Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatment Family physicians will frequently encounter patients with osteoporosis, a condition that is often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs...
American Family Physician July 1, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part I. Initial Evaluation Musculoskeletal pain can be difficult for children to characterize. A logical and consistent approach to diagnosis is recommended, with judicious use of laboratory and radiologic testing.
American Family Physician October 15, 2006 Storer & Skaggs	Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip In general, the goal of the family physician in examining for DDH should be early diagnosis and referral. This is because treatment earlier in life, especially within the first six months, is safer and more successful than treatment after the child is walking.
American Family Physician August 15, 2002 Predey et al.	Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: New Treatment for Vertebral Compression Fractures Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a newer technique in which acrylic cement is injected through a needle into a collapsed or weakened vertebra to stabilize the fracture. This procedure is effective for treating certain types of painful vertebral compression fractures.
American Family Physician July 15, 2001 Swagerty & Hellinger	Radiographic Assessment of Osteoarthritis Worldwide, osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and it is among the most prevalent and disabling chronic conditions in the United States.
American Family Physician November 15, 2004 Quillen, Wuchner & Hatch	Acute Shoulder Injuries It is important that family physicians understand the anatomy of the shoulder, mechanisms of injury, typical physical and radiologic findings, approach to management of injuries, and indications for referral.
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Is Low Back Pain Getting on Your Nerves? The pain and disability of low back pain are the most common reasons patients seek healthcare. Here are tools for diagnosis and treatment options.
American Family Physician December 15, 2003 Hatch & Hacking	Evaluation and Management of Toe Fractures Toe fractures are one of the most common fractures diagnosed by primary care physicians. Published studies suggest that family physicians can manage most toe fractures with good results.
American Family Physician September 1, 2003 Calmbach & Hutchens	Evaluation of Patients Presenting with Knee Pain: Part II. Differential Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
American Family Physician March 15, 2006 Cassas Cassettari-Wayhs	Childhood and Adolescent Sports-Related Overuse Injuries Each year in the United States, approximately 30 million children and teenagers participate in organized sports. Youth sports participation carries an inherent risk of injury, including overuse injuries. Here are key recommendations for practices.
Seasoned Cooking July 2005 Michael Fick	Dem Bones Unless we patients, our doctors, and the whole medical profession change our acts, our aging population, lazier lifestyles, and junk food diets will lead to half of Americans over the age of 50 having osteoporosis or being at high risk for it.
Managed Care April 2007 Thomas Morrow	For Patients With a Broken Hip, News of a Lifetime Replacement Today's high-tech artificial joint has changed the outcomes for many who have suffered a fractured hip.
American Family Physician March 1, 2002 Ralph Hinton	Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Considerations Osteoarthritis is not an inevitable consequence of aging. It is an acquired degenerative process that can be managed effectively by family physicians...
American Family Physician March 1, 2006 Leggit & Meko	Acute Finger Injuries: Part II. Fractures, Dislocations, and Thumb Injuries Family physicians can treat most finger fractures and dislocations, but when necessary, prompt referral to an orthopedic or hand surgeon is important to maximize future function. Examination includes radiography and physical examination to detect fractures.
Nurse Practitioner July 2011 Kass-Wolff & Fisher	Menopause and the Hormone Controversy: Clarification or Confusion? Hormone therapy in perimenopause and menopause remains a controversial and often confusing management strategy for healthcare providers. To assist in providing women quality healthcare, recently published new guidelines help provide direction for NPs.
American Family Physician August 1, 2003 Sass & Hassan	Lower Extremity Abnormalities in Children An accurate diagnosis can be made with careful history and physical examination, which includes torsional profile (a four-component composite of measurements of the lower extremities). Charts of normal values and values with two standard deviations for each component of the torsional profile are available.
American Journal of Nursing November 2011 Christine L. Cutugno	The 'Graying' of Trauma Care: Addressing Traumatic Injury in Older Adults Evidence-based strategies for managing trauma and its complications in this population.
American Family Physician January 15, 2007 Kelly Colleen McDonald	Child Abuse: Approach and Management A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to adequately evaluate and treat child abuse victims; however, the responsibility often lies with the family physician to recognize and treat these cases at first presentation to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
American Family Physician January 15, 2006 Ference & Wilson	Ibandronate (Boniva) for Treatment and Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Ibandronate is a bisphosphonate that can be taken daily or monthly. The daily dosage has been shown to decrease vertebral fractures in women with osteoporosis and a history of previous vertebral fractures.
American Family Physician November 15, 2000	Clinical Briefs Reducing Falls Among Older Women... Physical Activity and Fitness in Schools... Exercise in the Patient with Diabetes Mellitus... Blueprint for Development of Tuberculosis Vaccine... Answers to This Issues' Clinical Quiz...
American Family Physician April 15, 2004 Bazaldua & Bruder	STEPS Drug Update Teriparatide (Forteo) for Osteoporosis
American Family Physician October 1, 2004 Kucik, Clenney & Phelan	Management of Acute Nasal Fractures Treatment in the primary care setting begins with evaluating the injury, taking an accurate history of the situation in which the injury occurred, and ascertaining how the face and nose appeared and functioned before the injury occurred.
AskMen.com Kathleen Blanchard	Penis Fracture Penis fractures are rare, but they certainly do happen. And immediate treatment is the only way to ensure your chances of successful recovery.
American Family Physician May 15, 2001 Quincy C. Wang & Brett A. Johnson	Fingertip Injuries The family physician often provides the first and only medical intervention for fingertip injuries. Proper diagnosis and management of fingertip injuries are vital to maintaining proper function of the hand and preventing permanent disability...
American Journal of Nursing June 2011 Karen Roush	Menopausal Hormone Therapy: What We Know Now This article describes the findings and limitations of the major research thus far on hormone therapy.
HHMI Bulletin May 2011 Dan Ferber	Revealing the Biological Complexity of Bones Bones are the body's framework and support, our strongest tissues. Unlike the scaffold of a building, however, bones are anything but inert. They pulse with life and their maintenance requires a surprisingly delicate balancing act.
American Family Physician October 15, 2004 Mark H. Ebell	Point-of-Care Guides When should radiographs be obtained in patients with an ankle or foot injury?
BusinessWeek June 21, 2004 Catherine Arnst	Guard Your Bones Osteoporosis is one of the biggest health risks facing older women. What can be done to help prevent this disease?
Nursing October 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Overturning barriers to pain relief in older adults This article will describe how to lower the barriers to effective pain control in older patients and provide practical tips for helping them receive the full benefit from pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies.