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American Family Physician July 1, 2006 Pietrow & Karellas	Medical Management of Common Urinary Calculi Certain dietary changes can reduce risk of occurrence of kidney stones. Citrate medications will also increase levels of naturally occurring stone inhibitors.
American Family Physician March 15, 2001 Gary D. Grossfeld	Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in Adults: Summary of the AUA Best Practice Policy Recommendations Blood in the urine (hematuria) can originate from any site along the urinary tract and, whether gross or microscopic, may be a sign of serious underlying disease...
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Bradway & Rodgers	Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies Primary care NPs are often the first to identify and provide treatment for a variety of genitourinary conditions. These include acute urinary retention; priapism; obstructing renal calculi; and two acute scrotal emergencies - testes torsion and Fournier gangrene.
American Family Physician May 15, 2006 McDonald, Swagerty & Wetzel	Assessment of Microscopic Hematuria in Adults Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible.
American Family Physician January 1, 2005 Jerry L. Old et al.	Imaging for Suspected Appendicitis Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery and must be distinguished from other causes of abdominal pain. Family physicians play a valuable role in the early diagnosis and management of this condition.
American Family Physician April 15, 2002 Judy D. Bremnor	Evaluation of Dysuria in Adults Dysuria is the sensation of pain, burning, or discomfort on urination. Although many physicians equate dysuria with urinary tract infection , it is actually a symptom that has many potential causes. Empiric treatment with antibiotics may be inappropriate, except in carefully selected patients...
American Family Physician November 1, 2006 Lyon & Clark	Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Pain in Older Patients Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint in older patients, but may be difficult to diagnose. Here are some common causes of abdominal pain in old patients and recommendations for treatment.
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 James C. Higgins & James M. Fitzgerald	Evaluation of Incidental Renal and Adrenal Masses Incidental renal or adrenal masses are sometimes found during imaging for problems unrelated to the kidneys and adrenal glands. Knowledgeable family physicians can reliably diagnose these masses, thereby avoiding unnecessary worry and procedures for their patients...
American Family Physician March 1, 2005 Ramakrishnan & Scheid	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults There are approximately 250,000 cases of acute pyelonephritis each year, resulting in more than 100,000 hospitalizations. The most common etiologic cause is infection with Escherichia coli.
American Family Physician August 2001 Saud Suleiman & David E. Johnston	The Abdominal Wall: An Overlooked Source of Pain When abdominal pain is chronic and unremitting, with minimal or no relationship to eating or bowel function but often a relationship to posture (i.e., lying, sitting, standing), the abdominal wall should be suspected as the source of pain...
American Family Physician April 15, 2002 Amy R. Sparks	Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Given the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms, accurate diagnosis and preoperative evaluation are essential for improved patient outcomes...
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Eddie Needham	Management of Acute Renal Failure Acute renal failure is an acute loss of kidney function that occurs over days to weeks and results in an inability to appropriately excrete nitrogenous wastes and creatinine. In spite of this rapid decline in kidney function, patients with acute renal failure often have few symptoms.
Nursing March 2011 Ali & Gray-Vickrey	Limiting the Damage From Acute Kidney Injury This article will discuss your role in early detection and management of AKI with an emphasis on care for older adults.
Nursing May 2010 Debra Castner	Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease This article will help you to recognize CKD and understand its stages so you can help your patient to modify risk factors, prevent further kidney damage, and manage complications. First, consider the scope of the problem.
Nursing November 2011 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	Taming Three High-Risk Chemotherapy Complications A review of three common chemotherapy-associated complications that can be serious enough to require hospitalization: febrile neutropenia, chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, and chemotherapy-related enterotoxicity.
Nursing September 2008 Susan Simmons Holcomb	Acute Abdomen: What a Pain! So many things - some life-threatening - can cause abdominal pain. Here's how to capture the clues quickly and accurately.
American Family Physician March 15, 2005 Simerville, Maxted & Pahira	Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review Although urinalysis is not recommended as a routine screening tool, physicians should know how to interpret urinalysis results correctly. This article reviews the correct method for performing urinalysis and the differential diagnosis for several abnormal results.
American Family Physician June 1, 2003 Leung & Sigalet	Acute Abdominal Pain in Children Acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some require rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain.
AskMen.com September 2, 2002 Joshua Levine	Preventing Kidney Stones There is a long list of life experiences that young men hope to avoid; divorce, impotence, senility, and retirement community living. These are certainly some frightening possibilities, but they do not strike fear into the hearts of men the way the words "kidney stone" do.
American Family Physician June 15, 2003 Kodner & Kudrimoti	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Interstitial Nephritis Acute interstitial nephritis is an important cause of acute renal failure resulting from immune-mediated tubulointerstitial injury, initiated by medications, infection, and other causes.
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Edward Onusko	Diagnosing Secondary Hypertension Secondary hypertension is elevated blood pressure that results from an underlying, identifiable, often correctable cause. Only about 5 to 10 percent of hypertension cases are thought to result from secondary causes. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used to help determine a secondary cause of hypertension.
Nursing February 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2010, PART 1 In this article, you'll learn about 16 new drugs.
American Journal of Nursing September 2007 Kohtz & Thompson	Preventing Contrast Medium--Induced Nephropathy As understanding about contrast medium-induced nephropathy and its management evolves, nurses' awareness of research and guidelines for prevention and care is vital.
American Family Physician October 1, 2002 Thomas G. Maddox	Adverse Reactions to Contrast Material: Recognition, Prevention, and Treatment Adverse reactions to contrast agents range from a mild inconvenience, such as itching associated with hives, to a life-threatening emergency.
American Family Physician December 15, 2005 Alper & Curry	Urinary Tract Infection in Children Until recently, the management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children has been controversial and based mainly on opinion, but new evidence regarding imaging studies and treatment prompted this review.
Nursing June 2011 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2011: Part 2 In this article, you'll learn about seven recently approved drugs, including: fingolimod hydrochloride, an oral drug indicated to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
Nursing June 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New drugs 2010, part 2 In this article, you'll learn about 14 recently marketed new drugs.
American Family Physician March 1, 2002 John M. Sauret	Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening syndrome resulting from the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers with leakage of muscle contents into the circulation. The most common causes are crush injury, overexertion, alcohol abuse and certain medicines and toxic substances...
Nursing February 2010 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	How to prevent and manage Tumor lysis syndrome Potentially fatal, tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic disturbance caused by the death of cancer cells during cancer treatment and the release of their intracellular components into the bloodstream.
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Is Low Back Pain Getting on Your Nerves? The pain and disability of low back pain are the most common reasons patients seek healthcare. Here are tools for diagnosis and treatment options.
American Family Physician October 15, 2002 Mahesh Krishnan	Preoperative Care of Patients with Kidney Disease Preoperative attention to common medical problems that occur in patients with impaired renal function can lower some surgical risks.
Nursing October 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Overturning barriers to pain relief in older adults This article will describe how to lower the barriers to effective pain control in older patients and provide practical tips for helping them receive the full benefit from pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies.
AskMen.com Charles Capuano	5 Ailments That Affect Young Men Young men between the ages of 18 and 35 are susceptible to some uncommon diseases that, if left untreated, can leave them with permanent damage and a hefty medical bill. Here are some ailments that, while infrequent, are worth knowing about.
American Family Physician July 1, 2006	Kidney Stones: What You Should Know What you can do to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of kidney stones.
Salon.com April 27, 2000 Albert DiBartolomeo	Hell on earth When a kidney stone taught me the meaning of agony, I also learned the limits of my own weak self.
American Family Physician August 15, 2004 Roberts, Ostapchuk & O'Brien	Infantile Colic The physician's role is to ensure that there is no organic cause for the crying, offer balanced advice on treatments, and provide support to the family. Colic is a diagnosis of exclusion that is made after performing a careful history and physical examination to rule out less common organic causes.