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Nursing September 2008 Susan Simmons Holcomb	Acute Abdomen: What a Pain! So many things - some life-threatening - can cause abdominal pain. Here's how to capture the clues quickly and accurately.
American Family Physician November 1, 2006 Lyon & Clark	Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Pain in Older Patients Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting complaint in older patients, but may be difficult to diagnose. Here are some common causes of abdominal pain in old patients and recommendations for treatment.
American Family Physician January 1, 2005 Jerry L. Old et al.	Imaging for Suspected Appendicitis Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery and must be distinguished from other causes of abdominal pain. Family physicians play a valuable role in the early diagnosis and management of this condition.
Nurse Practitioner November 2010 Ronald Lee Tyson	Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal angina Abdominal angina refers to pain or discomfort in the gut when the blood supply to the tissues and organs of digestion has been compromised in some manner
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Bradway & Rodgers	Evaluation and Management of Genitourinary Emergencies Primary care NPs are often the first to identify and provide treatment for a variety of genitourinary conditions. These include acute urinary retention; priapism; obstructing renal calculi; and two acute scrotal emergencies - testes torsion and Fournier gangrene.
American Family Physician August 2001 Saud Suleiman & David E. Johnston	The Abdominal Wall: An Overlooked Source of Pain When abdominal pain is chronic and unremitting, with minimal or no relationship to eating or bowel function but often a relationship to posture (i.e., lying, sitting, standing), the abdominal wall should be suspected as the source of pain...
American Family Physician July 1, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part I. Initial Evaluation Musculoskeletal pain can be difficult for children to characterize. A logical and consistent approach to diagnosis is recommended, with judicious use of laboratory and radiologic testing.
American Family Physician April 15, 2002 Judy D. Bremnor	Evaluation of Dysuria in Adults Dysuria is the sensation of pain, burning, or discomfort on urination. Although many physicians equate dysuria with urinary tract infection , it is actually a symptom that has many potential causes. Empiric treatment with antibiotics may be inappropriate, except in carefully selected patients...
Nurse Practitioner May 2012 Diana L. Wadlund	Meeting the challenge of IBS IBS is the best studied, most common functional GI disorder, and is often characterized by debilitating symptoms without any pathologic findings. The predominant symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain and an alteration in bowel habits with an absence of organic pathology.
Nursing July 2008 Held-Warmkessel & Schliech	Responding to 4 Gastrointestinal Complications in Cancer Patients If your patient has cancer, be prepared to help her manage such serious GI complications as bowel obstruction, peritonitis, fistula formation, and intestinal perforation.
American Family Physician June 1, 2002 Daisy A. Arce	Evaluation of Constipation Constipation is the reason for 2.5 million physician visits per year in the United States, with more than one half of these visits to primary care physicians. The differential diagnosis of constipation and the approach to its evaluation differ in adults and children.
American Family Physician October 1, 2005 Salzman & Lillie	Diverticular Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Although the pathogenic mechanisms of diverticular disease are poorly understood, they are clearly related to complex interactions of colon structure, intestinal motility, diet, and genetic features.
Nursing January 2010 Brenner & Krenzer	Understanding acute pancreatitis Mr. White has classic signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis. The onset is usually abrupt, often occurring after a large meal or excessive alcohol use.
Nursing November 2008 Michael W. Day	Fight Back Against Inflammatory Bowel Disease It takes guts to live with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, both of which can take a heavy toll on their victims. Find out how to help your patient tame the attacks.
American Family Physician July 1, 2000 Abilio Munoz	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis usually occurs as a result of alcohol abuse or bile duct obstruction. A careful review of the patient's history and appropriate laboratory studies can help the physician identify the etiology of the condition and guide management.
American Family Physician July 15, 2006 Junnila & Cartwright	Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children: Part II. Rheumatic Causes Primary care physicians should have a working knowledge of rheumatic diseases of childhood that manifest primarily as musculoskeletal pain. Children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can present with painless joint inflammation and may have normal results on rheumatologic tests.
American Family Physician August 2001 Alexander K.C. Leung	Evaluating the Child with Purpura Purpura is the result of hemorrhage into the skin or mucosal membrane. It may represent a relatively benign condition or herald the presence of a serious underlying disorder...
American Journal of Nursing August 2011 Craft & Prahlow	From Fecal Impaction to Colon Perforation The authors present the case of an elderly, nonverbal nursing home resident with dementia who developed fecal impaction, despite interventions such as enema.
American Family Physician March 1, 2006 Steven H. Crossman	The Challenge of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract in women that can include endometritis, parametritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and peritonitis. The spectrum of disease ranges from subclinical, asymptomatic infection to severe, life-threatening illness.
American Family Physician August 15, 2006 Mounsey, Wilgus & Slawson	Diagnosis and Management of Endometriosis The preferred method for diagnosis of endometriosis is surgical visual inspection of pelvic organs with histologic confirmation. Such diagnosis requires an experienced surgeon because the varied appearance of the disease allows less-obvious lesions to be overlooked.
American Family Physician January 15, 2004 Roche & Kobos	Jaundice in the Adult Patient Jaundice in an adult patient can be caused by a wide variety of benign or life-threatening disorders. Organizing the differential diagnosis by prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic causes may help make the work-up more manageable.
American Family Physician September 15, 2006 Samiya Razzaq	Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: An Emerging Health Risk Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused primarily by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. The most common cause of acute renal failure in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome also can occur in adults.
Nursing October 2011 Habib & Saunders	The yellow bird of jaundice: Recognizing biliary obstruction This article describes the various possible causes of biliary obstruction, diagnostic studies and treatment options, and nursing considerations for patients with this disorder.
American Family Physician August 15, 2005 Bellows, Berger & Crass	Management of Gallstones Many patients with gallstones can be managed expectantly. Generally, only persons with symptoms related to the presence of gallstones or complications warrant surgical intervention.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Forman, Forman & Rose	A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Wrist Pain Primary care physicians often are the first to evaluate and treat a patient with wrist pain. A detailed history alone may lead to a specific diagnosis in approximately 70% of patients who have wrist pain.
American Family Physician December 1, 2003 Roth & Basello	Approach to the Adult Patient with Fever of Unknown Origin A thorough history, physical examination, and standard laboratory testing remain the basis of the initial evaluation of the patient with FUO.
American Family Physician January 15, 2002 Mamta Fuloria	The Newborn Examination: Part II Emergencies and common abnormalities involving the abdomen, pelvis, extremities, genitalia, and spine...
American Family Physician March 1, 2005 Ramakrishnan & Scheid	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults There are approximately 250,000 cases of acute pyelonephritis each year, resulting in more than 100,000 hospitalizations. The most common etiologic cause is infection with Escherichia coli.
Nursing August 2009 Pullen et al.	Putting a face on systemic lupus erythematosus In this article, we'll tell you how to assess a patient for SLE and what to teach her about managing this chronic disorder.
American Family Physician July 15, 2004 Tracy Aldridge	Diagnosing Heel Pain in Adults A thorough history and a physical examination of the lower extremity should be conducted to locate the pain, define its attributes, and narrow the differential diagnosis.
American Family Physician April 1, 2001 Andrew J. Portis	Diagnosis and Initial Management of Kidney Stones The diagnosis and initial management of urolithiasis have undergone considerable evolution in recent years...
American Family Physician July 1, 2000 Anne D. Walling, M.D.	Family Practice International Depression in Young Adults... Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer... Acute Appendicitis in Pregnancy...
American Family Physician February 1, 2006 Briggs & Dery	Evaluation and Treatment of Constipation in Infants and Children Constipation in children usually is functional and the result of stool retention. However, family physicians must be alert for red flags that may indicate the presence of an uncommon but serious organic cause of constipation.
American Family Physician May 15, 2003 Holten & Wetherington	Problem-Oriented Diagnosis Diagnosing the patient with abdominal pain and altered bowel habits: is it irritable bowel syndrome?
American Family Physician November 15, 2001 Edward R. Feller	Gynecologic Aspects of Crohn's Disease This article reviews the diverse gynecologic spectrum, protean manifestations and diagnostic difficulties of pelvic Crohn's disease...
American Family Physician July 1, 2003 Siva et al.	Diagnosing Acute Monoarthritis in Adults: A Practical Approach Acute monoarthritis can be the initial manifestation of many joint disorders. Because patients with acute monoarthritis often present to their family physician, a proper diagnostic approach is important.
American Family Physician November 15, 2005 William E. Cayley	Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain Distinguishing between serious and benign causes of chest pain is imperative, and diagnostic and prognostic questions are important in making this determination.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Lozeau & Potter	Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy If a woman of reproductive age presents with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, syncope, or hypotension, the physician should perform a pregnancy test. If the patient is pregnant, the physician should perform a work-up to detect possible ectopic or ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Nurse Practitioner May 2009 Yvonne D'Arcy	Is Low Back Pain Getting on Your Nerves? The pain and disability of low back pain are the most common reasons patients seek healthcare. Here are tools for diagnosis and treatment options.
American Family Physician April 1, 2005 Manning-Dimmitt et al.	Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Adults The clinical evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient and the suspected source of the bleeding.
American Family Physician September 1, 2005 Wilson & Best	Common Overuse Tendon Problems: A Review and Recommendations for Treatment Distinguishing tendinopathy from tendonitis and recommendations on appropriate treatments.
Nursing November 2011 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	Taming Three High-Risk Chemotherapy Complications A review of three common chemotherapy-associated complications that can be serious enough to require hospitalization: febrile neutropenia, chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, and chemotherapy-related enterotoxicity.
American Family Physician July 15, 2000 Mitchell S. King	Preoperative Evaluation The purpose of a preoperative evaluation is not to "clear" patients for elective surgery, but rather to evaluate and, if necessary, implement measures to prepare higher risk patients for surgery...
American Family Physician July 15, 2006 Mehta et al.	Opportunities to Improve Outcomes in Sickle Cell Disease Family physicians play a crucial role in instituting evidence-based preventive sickle cell care strategies, initiating timely treatment of acute illness, recognizing life-threatening episodes, and providing a medical home for multidisciplinary management.
Nursing March 2010 Peg Gray-Vickrey	Gathering pearls of knowledge for assessing older adults If you attended nursing school more than 10 years ago, you may have received limited education about gerontological nursing. But as baby boomers age, this is becoming an increasingly important area of nursing practice.
American Journal of Nursing December 2010 Baldridge & Andrasek	Pain Assessment in People with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities Nurses in all settings need to be knowledgeable about alternate pain assessment methods.
Nurse Practitioner May 2012 Hammersla & Kapustin	Peripheral Neuropathy: Evidence-based treatment of a complex disorder Peripheral neuropathy is a common and often progressive condition frequently seen in primary care. The chronic pain associated with PN, or neuropathic pain, can significantly diminish patients' quality of life and be challenging to treat.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Eddie Needham	Management of Acute Renal Failure Acute renal failure is an acute loss of kidney function that occurs over days to weeks and results in an inability to appropriately excrete nitrogenous wastes and creatinine. In spite of this rapid decline in kidney function, patients with acute renal failure often have few symptoms.
American Family Physician November 15, 2002 Viera et al.	Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and is frequently treated by family physicians.
Nursing February 2009 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 09: Part 1 Learn about 10 new drugs, including nebivolol HCl, the newest beta-adrenergic blocking agent for hypertension.