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Nursing March 2011 Ali & Gray-Vickrey	Limiting the Damage From Acute Kidney Injury This article will discuss your role in early detection and management of AKI with an emphasis on care for older adults.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Eddie Needham	Management of Acute Renal Failure Acute renal failure is an acute loss of kidney function that occurs over days to weeks and results in an inability to appropriately excrete nitrogenous wastes and creatinine. In spite of this rapid decline in kidney function, patients with acute renal failure often have few symptoms.
Nursing May 2010 Debra Castner	Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease This article will help you to recognize CKD and understand its stages so you can help your patient to modify risk factors, prevent further kidney damage, and manage complications. First, consider the scope of the problem.
American Family Physician October 1, 2002 Thomas G. Maddox	Adverse Reactions to Contrast Material: Recognition, Prevention, and Treatment Adverse reactions to contrast agents range from a mild inconvenience, such as itching associated with hives, to a life-threatening emergency.
Nursing June 2012 Streets & Vickers	Is this patient with heart failure a candidate for ultrafiltration? Similar to dialysis, ultrafiltration is a type of renal replacement therapy that may be indicated for patients with heart failure who have significant volume overload despite outpatient diuretic therapy.
American Family Physician January 15, 2006 Hollander-Rodriguez & Calvert	Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening metabolic problem caused by inability of the kidneys to excrete potassium, impairment of the mechanisms that move potassium from the circulation into the cells, or a combination of these factors.
American Family Physician November 15, 2004 Snively & Gutierrez	Chronic Kidney Disease: Prevention and Treatment of Common Complications Family physicians have the opportunity to screen at-risk patients, identify affected patients, and ameliorate the impact of chronic kidney disease by initiating early therapy and monitoring disease progression.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Snyder & Pendergraph	Detection and Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease Early treatment of chronic kidney disease and its complications may delay or prevent the development of end-stage renal disease. Consequently, detection of chronic kidney disease should be a priority for family physicians.
Nursing February 2010 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	How to prevent and manage Tumor lysis syndrome Potentially fatal, tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic disturbance caused by the death of cancer cells during cancer treatment and the release of their intracellular components into the bloodstream.
Nursing November 2011 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	Taming Three High-Risk Chemotherapy Complications A review of three common chemotherapy-associated complications that can be serious enough to require hospitalization: febrile neutropenia, chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, and chemotherapy-related enterotoxicity.
Nursing August 2011 Collins & Claros	Recognizing the face of dehydration Monitoring your patients' fluid status can prevent dehydration-a potentially fatal condition-and its complications.
American Family Physician October 15, 2002 Mahesh Krishnan	Preoperative Care of Patients with Kidney Disease Preoperative attention to common medical problems that occur in patients with impaired renal function can lower some surgical risks.
Nursing June 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New drugs 2010, part 2 In this article, you'll learn about 14 recently marketed new drugs.
American Journal of Nursing May 2009 Kristen J. Overbaugh	Acute Coronary Syndrome Coronary artery disease, in which atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries and restricts the flow of blood (and therefore the delivery of oxygen) to the heart, continues to be the number-one killer of Americans.
Nursing February 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2010, PART 1 In this article, you'll learn about 16 new drugs.
American Family Physician September 15, 2004 Johnson et al.	Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Part II. Glomerular Filtration Rate, Proteinuria, and Other Markers Family physicians should weigh the value of the National Kidney Foundation guidelines for their clinical practice based on the strength of evidence and perceived cost-effectiveness until additional evidence becomes available on the usefulness of the recommended quality indicators.
American Family Physician June 1, 2005 O'Brien & Chennubhotla	Treatment of Edema Major causes of edema include venous obstruction, increased capillary permeability, and increased plasma volume secondary to sodium and water retention. A systematic approach is warranted to determine the underlying diagnosis.
Nurse Practitioner February 2011 Jennifer M. Belavic	Annual Drug Update: 2010 in Review In 2010, the FDA approved several new drugs and new indications for use in primary care. From new therapies for adults with rheumatoid arthritis to a combination drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia, NPs need to be aware of the latest medications now available.
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Daphne P. Bicket	Using ACE Inhibitors Appropriately Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have documented clinical benefits in a variety of clinical situations, the disparity between the evidence from clinical trials and bedside medicine is well documented.
Nursing January 2011 Carl A. Kirton	HIV: The Changing Epidemic Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV infection in the United States has evolved from an acute debilitating condition to a chronic, treatable illness.
Nursing June 2011 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2011: Part 2 In this article, you'll learn about seven recently approved drugs, including: fingolimod hydrochloride, an oral drug indicated to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
American Family Physician March 1, 2002 John M. Sauret	Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening syndrome resulting from the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers with leakage of muscle contents into the circulation. The most common causes are crush injury, overexertion, alcohol abuse and certain medicines and toxic substances...
Nursing October 2010 Jeff Strickler	Traumatic hypovolemic shock: Halt the downward spiral This article discusses the causes, treatments, and nursing care for patients with traumatic hypovolemic shock.
Nursing January 2012 Crawford & Harris	Fluid and Electrolyte Series Balancing act Calcium & phosphorus In this article, we review the roles of calcium and phosphorus, including assessment points and nursing considerations for patients experiencing imbalances of these important electrolytes.
Nursing March 2012 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2012: part I In this article, you'll learn about 11 recently approved drugs.
American Family Physician June 15, 2003 Kodner & Kudrimoti	Diagnosis and Management of Acute Interstitial Nephritis Acute interstitial nephritis is an important cause of acute renal failure resulting from immune-mediated tubulointerstitial injury, initiated by medications, infection, and other causes.
American Family Physician November 15, 2002 Cynthia M. Williams	Using Medications Appropriately in Older Adults Finding the right balance between too few and too many drugs will help ensure increased longevity, improved overall health, and enhanced functioning and quality of life for the aging population.
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Johnson et al.	Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Part I. Definition, Disease Stages, Evaluation, Treatment and Risk Factors Family physicians should weigh the value of the National Kidney Foundation guidelines for their clinical practice based on the strength of evidence and perceived cost-effectiveness until additional evidence becomes available on the usefulness of the recommended quality indicators.
American Family Physician September 1, 2006 Heidelbaugh & Sherbondy	Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Failure: Part II. Complications and Treatment Part II of a two-part article on treatments that can help alleviate complications due to cirrhosis and chronic liver failure.
American Family Physician January 1, 2003 Edward Onusko	Diagnosing Secondary Hypertension Secondary hypertension is elevated blood pressure that results from an underlying, identifiable, often correctable cause. Only about 5 to 10 percent of hypertension cases are thought to result from secondary causes. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used to help determine a secondary cause of hypertension.
American Family Physician July 1, 2005 Micah L. Thorp	Diabetic Nephropathy: Common Questions Diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic kidney disease, affects 20% - 30% of patients with diabetes. This article addresses some of the common questions raised by physicians managing patients with this disease.
American Family Physician April 15, 2001 Robert E. Hoyt & Lester Shawn	Reducing Readmissions for Congestive Heart Failure Hospital admission for congestive heart failure is extremely common and quite expensive, although it is frequently preventable...
Nursing February 2009 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 09: Part 1 Learn about 10 new drugs, including nebivolol HCl, the newest beta-adrenergic blocking agent for hypertension.
American Family Physician May 1, 2006 Luma & Spiotta	Hypertension in Children and Adolescents The prevalence and rate of diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents appear to be increasing. Most childhood hypertension, particularly in preadolescents, is secondary to an underlying disorder.
American Family Physician March 15, 2005 Simerville, Maxted & Pahira	Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review Although urinalysis is not recommended as a routine screening tool, physicians should know how to interpret urinalysis results correctly. This article reviews the correct method for performing urinalysis and the differential diagnosis for several abnormal results.
American Family Physician September 15, 2000 Michael F. Carroll, M.D. & Jonathan L. Temte, M.D., Ph.D.	Proteinuria in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach Proteinuria is a common finding in adults in primary care practice. An algorithmic approach can be used to differentiate benign causes of proteinuria from rarer, more serious disorders.
American Family Physician October 1, 2002 Konzem et al.	Controlling Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are common diseases in the United States. Patients with diabetes have a much higher rate of hypertension than would be expected in the general population. Regardless of the antihypertensive agent used, a reduction in blood pressure helps to prevent diabetic complications.
American Family Physician April 1, 2001 Andrew J. Portis	Diagnosis and Initial Management of Kidney Stones The diagnosis and initial management of urolithiasis have undergone considerable evolution in recent years...
American Family Physician May 15, 2006 McDonald, Swagerty & Wetzel	Assessment of Microscopic Hematuria in Adults Microscopic hematuria, a common finding on routine urinalysis of adults, is clinically significant when three to five red blood cells per high-power field are visible.
IEEE Spectrum February 2005 Carol Ezzell Webb	The Body Shops Part human, part machine, replacement organs may one day extend your life
American Family Physician December 15, 2005 Alper & Curry	Urinary Tract Infection in Children Until recently, the management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children has been controversial and based mainly on opinion, but new evidence regarding imaging studies and treatment prompted this review.
American Family Physician March 15, 2001 Gary D. Grossfeld	Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in Adults: Summary of the AUA Best Practice Policy Recommendations Blood in the urine (hematuria) can originate from any site along the urinary tract and, whether gross or microscopic, may be a sign of serious underlying disease...
American Family Physician January 15, 2001 James C. Higgins & James M. Fitzgerald	Evaluation of Incidental Renal and Adrenal Masses Incidental renal or adrenal masses are sometimes found during imaging for problems unrelated to the kidneys and adrenal glands. Knowledgeable family physicians can reliably diagnose these masses, thereby avoiding unnecessary worry and procedures for their patients...
American Family Physician November 1, 2005	Chronic Kidney Disease A patient hand out on kidney disorders and illnesses, their diagnosis and treatment options.
Managed Care October 2003 MargaretAnn Cross	Plans and Purchasers Team Up To Manage Kidney Disease Cooperation between three health plans has fostered better employer appreciation of early detection and intervention in kidney disease.
Nurse Practitioner June 2012 Kostas-Polston et al.	HPV & age-appropriate cervical cancer prevention for adolescents Adolescents have the highest rates of cervical disease as a result of initial human papillomavirus exposure and infection.