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Chemistry World February 12, 2012 Laura Howes	Thermal imaging on the wing By adding carbon nanotubes to butterfly wings chemists have been able to turn these nanostructures into an infrared detector.
Chemistry World December 3, 2010 Harriet Brewerton	Butterfly effect A way to identify individual butterflies from the same species has been designed by scientists in Hungary, who say that the technique could be used to analyse delicate museum samples without destroying them.
Bank Systems & Technology June 1, 2010 Penny Crosman	Science Behind Butterfly Wings Could Secure Bank Notes Cambridge scientists have developed the technology to recreate the colors on butterfly wings, and this technology could be used to secure printed notes, they say.
Chemistry World October 20, 2011 Jennifer Newton	Mimicking Mother Nature's Solar Panels Scientists in China have studied the anti-reflective behavior of black butterfly scales to understand the way these natural solar collectors work.
Chemistry World November 17, 2014 James Urquhart	Beetle behind breath test for bank notes Simply breathing on money could soon reveal if it's the real deal or counterfeit thanks to a beetle-inspired ink that reversibly changes color in response to humidity.
Chemistry World November 29, 2006 Lionel Milgrom	Pterins, Sex and the Single Butterfly Researchers have characterised the molecular composition and optical properties of pigmented nanoscopic granules found in the tiny wing scales of the pierid butterfly, Pontia protodice.
Chemistry World June 2010	How to disappear completely Animals use all sorts of optical trickery to make themselves invisible to predators. Hayley Birch finds out how the natural world can help develop new camouflage materials
Chemistry World January 17, 2012 Simon Hadlington	Rainbow Hued Graphene Oxide Repels Water Scientists in China have used a laser to carve out a pattern of ridges and valleys on layered graphene oxide to mimic two of nature's tricks in one go - iridescence and superhydrophobicity.
IEEE Spectrum February 2006 Justin Mullins	Butterfly Effect The structure that makes one LED researcher's device so special has recently been found to be similar to a sophisticated method of manipulating light discovered in the African swallowtail butterfly Princeps nireus.
Chemistry World November 1, 2006 Richard Van Noorden	Insects Make Nanotech Impression Chinese researchers have reported a cheap and effective way to print nanoscale structures onto surfaces: they use stamps created from the delicately patterned wings of cicadas.
Technology Research News November 19, 2003	Liquid Crystal Tunes Fiber Researchers have combined photonic crystal and liquid crystal to make an optical fiber whose properties can change according to temperature. The combination allows the researchers to change the properties of the light inside the fiber.
Technology Research News December 17, 2003	Chemists grow nano menagerie Researchers from Sandia National Laboratories have found a simple way to make tiny, complicated shapes from zinc oxide, including arrays of vertically-aligned rods, flat disks, and columns that resemble stacks of coins.
IEEE Spectrum February 2012 Neil Savage	Nanostructures Catch the Light Razor-thin solar cells could be cheap but need a little help holding light in
Chemistry World August 3, 2015 Ida Emilie Steinmark	Phosphorescent 'butterfly' molecules' glow tuned Molecular 'butterflies' that flutter their wings under light can be tuned to glow red or blue, or both.
Chemistry World January 20, 2014 James Urquhart	Tracing paper boost for solar cells A piece of transparent paper made from wood-based cellulose fibers is an unlikely addition to a solar cell that actually increases its efficiency.
Chemistry World December 17, 2007 Jonathan Edwards	A Simpler Way to Photonic Crystals Chinese scientists have found an easy way to make highly regular crystal structures from a polymer mixture.
Technology Research News March 24, 2004	Irregular layout sharpens light Aperiodic photonic crystal could improve devices that shape, detect and filter light, including communications devices like photodetectors, demultiplexers, which sort wavelengths of light, and channel drop filters, which filter out different wavelengths.
Chemistry World July 5, 2009 Simon Hadlington	Novel chemical approach to graphene Researchers in the US have devised a new way to create graphene - sheets of carbon one atom thick that have extraordinary electronic properties - based upon a detailed understanding of the chemical structure of an important precursor of the material, graphite oxide.
Technology Research News June 4, 2003 Eric Smalley	Shock waves tune light Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have used a computer simulation to show that sending shock waves through photonic crystals could lead to faster and cheaper telecommunications devices, more efficient solar cells, and advances in quantum computing.
Technology Research News June 2, 2004	Process Nets Cheap Microstructures Researchers from Boston College have demonstrated that it's possible to use relatively inexpensive polymers to construct tiny structures using multiphoton-absorption photopolymerization.
Chemistry World May 18, 2009 James Urquhart	Tailored colors for photonic crystals Korean and US scientists have permanently fixed the color of block copolymer photonic crystals by swelling photonic gels and 'freezing' them as they display the desired color.
Chemistry World January 28, 2008 Lewis Brindley	Colourful Crystals Monitor Humidity Chinese chemists have developed a material that changes color according to the humidity of the air around it.
BusinessWeek April 29, 2010	How 'Mirasol' Imitates Butterfly Wings Qualcomm's low-power screen imitates nature.
Chemistry World October 21, 2015 David Bradley	Blackest material ever made sets new record Andrea Fratalocchi of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and colleagues suggest that their broadband light absorbing material could open up new approaches to energy-harvesting devices and optical interconnects.
Reactive Reports Issue 67 David Bradley	Attractive Changing Colors Chemists have discovered that a simple magnet can be used to change the color of nanoparticles of iron oxide in aqueous suspension.
Technology Research News June 1, 2005 Eric Smalley	Movie Captures Trapped Light Slow light, once better understood, could be used to improve devices like sensors and optical communications equipment. Researchers have moved the field forward with a way to directly observe the phenomenon.
The Motley Fool August 5, 2010 Eric Wesoff	Can a Disruptive PV Technology Topple First Solar? We list a few candidates for a "new black swan improbable pyro-nano-quantum-thingamajig technology" to displace thin-film PV.
National Defense November 2010 Grace V. Jean	Biology, Neuroscience Aid Weapon Development at Air Force Research Lab Lab researchers here increasingly are studying and mimicking Mother Nature's products. The hope is that the research will one day lead to advances including tiny aircraft that fly and act like birds and insects and bio-inspired sensors that can out-snuff Fido's nose.
Chemistry World October 16, 2007 Jonathan Edwards	3D Nanoprinter Makes Oxide Sculptures Researchers have made inks that can print tiny three-dimensional patterns using metal oxides. The inks could allow fast, easy printing of micro-fuel cells, sensors and photonic crystals, the scientists say.
Technology Research News February 11, 2004	Magnets tune photonic crystal Researchers from Fudan University in China have found that it is possible to use a magnetic field to quickly shift or block certain frequencies of electromagnetic signals passing through photonic crystals made from semiconductor material.
Reactive Reports December 2006 David Bradley	Biomolecules Out on a Wing Photonic crystals give butterflies their beautiful colors and synthetic versions are now being developed for a range of technological applications.
Technology Research News April 7, 2004	Nano ribbons coil into rings Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology have found a way to coax microscopic zinc oxide ribbons to spontaneously coil, slinky-like, into perfect rings.
Technology Research News November 3, 2004	Photonic Crystal Lasers Juiced Researchers have made a photonic crystal laser that is driven by electric current. The device could eventually be used as a source of single photons for quantum cryptography and communications devices.
Technology Research News February 12, 2003 Kimberly Patch	Butterflies offer lessons for robots Researchers from Oxford University in England have devised a method of studying the way butterflies fly, and their initial results show that the insects have many more tricks of flight than they get credit for.
Wired September 2000 Charles Platt	Bright Switch A tiny crystal full of holes is about to smash the electronic speed limit, and in the coming photonics era, superfast optical networking is only the beginning.
Technology Research News November 19, 2003 Eric Smalley	Switch promises optical chips Computers have historically been electronic rather than photonic because lightwaves, while great for sending signals over long distances, are controlled by equipment that has proven difficult to shrink to computer chip scale. The rise of photonic crystals promises to narrow the gap.
Technology Research News September 8, 2004	Photonic Crystal Throttles Light Researchers have showed that the spacing of a photonic crystal can be used to control the timing of light emitted by a quantum dot.
Technology Research News July 28, 2004 Eric Smalley	Photonic chips go 3D Computer chips made from photonic crystal promise better communications equipment and ultrafast, all-optical computers
Technology Research News June 16, 2004	Scheme Optimizes Light Chips Researchers have borrowed a design tool developed for mechanical engineering to improve the efficiency of nano-size optical waveguides.
Technology Research News November 5, 2003 Eric Smalley	Crystal fiber goes distance Making fiber-optic lines that are hollow is one step toward more efficient telecommunications. Making lines that are full of holes goes further. Lots of regularly spaced holes bend light, which keeps it on the straight and narrow.
Chemistry World January 25, 2012 Kate McAlpine	Conjuring graphene oxide from thin air Researchers on the hunt for a better way to recycle carbon dioxide have turned it into graphene oxide.
Chemistry World July 13, 2007 Tom Westgate	Colourful Colloids A simple mixture of iron oxide, a polymer and water can take on any color simply by applying a magnetic field.
Technology Research News November 3, 2004	Molecules Form Nano Containers Researchers have found a way to coax the self-assembly of minuscule multicompartment structures. The structures could eventually be used in drug delivery systems.
Technology Research News December 3, 2003	Spin material handles heat Researchers from the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden have doped, or mixed the semiconductor zinc oxide with the metal manganese to make a ferromagnetic semiconductor material that retains its magnetic properties at temperatures as high as 177 degrees Celsius.
Military & Aerospace Electronics July 2005 Hubert Kostal	Nano-optics: robust, optical devices for demanding applications In harsh environments, conventional optics and optical engineering have significant physical limitations. But, through nanometer-scale structuring of various materials, "Nano-optics" creates a new class of optical devices with desirable optical effects.
IEEE Spectrum May 2007 Anthony Colozza	Fly Like A Bird Flapping wings could revolutionize aircraft design.
Technology Research News July 2, 2003	Tiny T splits light Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology have designed a compact photonic crystal multiplexer that splits a lightwave into two slightly different colors.
Chemistry World November 11, 2011 Charlie Quigg	Invisible ink for the 21st century Scientists from China have developed a new lithographic printing technique to layer a pattern onto photonic paper.
Military & Aerospace Electronics January 2008	Global Market for Photonic Crystals Set for High Growth Through 2013 The market segments are applications of light emission, information technology, optical sensing, energy conversion, light energy delivery, and other applications.
Technology Research News June 18, 2003 Eric Smalley	Chip sorts colors The simple concept of proportionality is the key to a significant advance in the emerging field of integrated optics -- chips that control light rather than electricity.