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IEEE Spectrum May 2012 Lucas Laursen	Snails in a Race for Biological Energy Harvesting Tinkering could tailor snails to spy for us
Technology Research News December 29, 2004	Alcohol Fuel Cell Goes Micro Researchers, who earlier this year developed a fuel cell using enzymes to generate electricity from ethanol, have built a microchip-based version of the device.
Chemistry World October 10, 2012 Elinor Hughes	Batteries not included Enzyme-based biofuel cells have been plugged into lobsters and they generated enough power to run a digital watch.
Chemistry World February 23, 2012 Russell Johnson	Powering up fuel cells A hydrogen fuel cell that uses carbon nanotubes to increase the amount of electrocatalyst attached to electrodes has been designed by UK scientists.
Chemistry World June 26, 2013 Emma Stoye	Glucose-sensing contact lens could run on power of tears Diabetics could one day be able to monitor their blood sugar levels using bionic contact lenses. Researchers have developed a fuel cell that runs on tears, which they say could power lens-mounted glucose sensors.
Chemistry World November 17, 2011 Ross McLaren	Giving Fuel Cells a Vitamin Boost Vitamin B12 could replace platinum catalysts in fuel cells as a cheaper alternative.
Chemistry World March 4, 2011 Fay Nolan-Neylan	Harvesting energy from soft drinks Scientists in China have made a biofuel cell that harvests energy from soft drinks such as iced tea and juices.
Technology Research News March 24, 2004	Bacteria make clean power The Penn State researchers' microbial fuel cell is fueled by wastewater skimmed from the settling pond of a treatment plant, and the process of drawing electricity from the microbial action taking place in the wastewater also cleans the water.
Chemistry World December 18, 2008 Alex Hellemans	Fuel cells without platinum Looking for ways to avoid using costly and scarce platinum in fuel cells, Chinese researchers have reported details of a fuel cell that uses cheap nickel as a catalyst.
Technology Research News September 22, 2004 Kimberly Patch	Fuel Cell Converts Waste to Power One problem with fuel cells is that they produce carbon monoxide, which can gum up the works. Researchers have found a way to use the carbon monoxide to produce more energy in a reaction that can take place at room temperature.
Chemistry World June 10, 2013 Manisha Lalloo	Biofuel cell tattoo turns perspiration to power generation Wearable biosensors can monitor the human body, but in order to be effective they need portable power. To avoid the need for batteries a Californian team has created a biofuel cell tattoo that can scavenge energy from sweat to generate electricity.
Chemistry World January 19, 2015 Jenny Lovell	Chitosan bioelectrode sustains metabolic power to medical implants Researchers in France have used compounds extracted from shrimp shells and gardenia fruits to extend the lifetime of medical implants attempting to run on bodily fluids.
Technology Research News October 8, 2003	Bacteria make more electricity Researchers from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst have identified a microorganism that is particularly good at converting sugars to electricity under natural conditions.
Chemistry World September 21, 2010 Hayley Birch	Self-pumping membrane mimics cell machinery US researchers have imitated the transport functions of biological membranes by incorporating tiny pumps into synthetic membranes. They say their 'self-pumping' mimics could be used in compartment-less fuel cells.
Technology Research News October 20, 2004 Kimberly Patch	Cooler material boosts fuel cells A cathode that allows solid oxide fuel cells to operate at reduced temperaures promises to lower the cost of fuel cells, which could spur broader adoption of the technology.
Chemistry World August 18, 2011 Elinor Richards	Two for one - cleaning water and generating energy A fuel cell system that can generate electricity from organic compounds and clean up wastewater at the same time has been developed by scientists in China.
Technology Research News April 9, 2003	Alcohol powers fuel cell Researchers from St. University have developed a fuel cell that uses enzymes rather than metal and can be recharged by adding a few milliliters of alcohol. Biofuel cells could eventually be used as a replacement for any rechargeable power source, including laptop and PDA batteries.
Technology Research News December 17, 2003	Solid fuel cell works in heat California Institute of Technology researchers have built a type of fuel cell that uses a solid acid electrolyte and either hydrogen or methanol as fuel. It could eventually be used to power cars.
Chemistry World January 28, 2014 Katia Moskvitch	Sweet success for bio-battery Rechargeable, energy-dense bio-batteries running on sugar might be powering our electronic gadgets in as little as three years, according to a US team of scientists.
Chemistry World December 3, 2009 Hayley Birch	Bio-Inspired Catalyst Design Could Rival Platinum French scientists have demonstrated the potential of a new fuel cell catalyst inspired by hydrogenase enzymes.
Chemistry World November 13, 2007 Lewis Brindley	Hydrogen From Sewage Hits Production Records Scientists have drastically improved the efficiency of bacteria-powered fuel cells that convert biodegradable organic matter into hydrogen gas. They hope their discovery will make it possible to generate hydrogen from sewage, sustainably and on a large scale.
Chemistry World November 10, 2011 Francesca Burgoyne	Micro fuel cells for microchips Researchers from Spain and Germany have designed the first microfluidic device with an integrated micro fuel cell that is capable of both powering the device and pumping the analyte around the device.
Technology Research News February 26, 2003	Alloy lowers fuel-cell cost Scientists from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have found a way to make fuel cells that are potentially cheaper and easier to manufacture than previous prototypes. The method is a step toward making the relatively clean energy-generating technology commercially viable.
Technology Research News July 30, 2003	Munching microbes feed fuel cell Researchers from the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Germany have found a way to harvest the energy needed to power a fuel cell from chemical reactions that occur when E. coli bacteria consume sugar.
Technology Research News December 31, 2003	Micro fuel cell runs cool Researchers have made a tiny methane fuel cell that works at 60 degrees Celsius. They have also shown that the fuel cell can use high concentration methanol to increase its operating time.
Technology Research News May 18, 2005	Catalyst Boosts Gasoline Fuel Cells Researchers have come up with a catalyst layer that can be put over a conventional anode to reform the fuel within the fuel cell. This allows hydrocarbons like gasoline to be used directly in fuel cells.
National Defense September 2006 Grace Jean	Fuel Cell Technology Positioned as Viable Alternative to Generators Developers of fuel cell technologies are confident that they can answer the call for "more power on the battlefield."
Chemistry World July 31, 2008	Breakthrough Catalyst for Splitting Water Scientists say they have solved a fundamental problem hampering renewable energy generation - how to split water cheaply into oxygen and hydrogen, under benign conditions, so that the gases can be stored as fuels.
Technology Research News December 29, 2004	Coated Nanotubes Make Biosensors Researchers are using carbon nanotubes to sense single molecules, and are tapping the way carbon nanotubes give off near-infrared light in order to read what the sensors have detected.
Chemistry World March 2006 Joe McEntee	Fuel Cells Head for Mass Market At the end of the day, wide-scale commercialization is a numbers game and developers will prosper or perish based on how they fare against metrics such as durability, reliability, cost and, most brutal of all, profitability. It's time to start delivering.
IEEE Spectrum February 2013 Lucas Laursen	Plugging In to Plant Roots Marsh grasses can power small fuel cells. Cast-off electrons in a plant's roots can provide electricity, a Dutch team reports.
Technology Research News June 15, 2005	Power Sources: Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Heat, Vibration and Fusion Summaries of how each of these power sources work to create energy.
Chemistry World October 2011	Fuelling the Future Fuel cell vehicles have taken a back seat to battery and hybrid power in recent years. But hydrogen still holds promise in the long term.
Chemistry World April 11, 2007 Richard Van Noorden	Fuel Cells Guzzle Glycerol Fuel cells traditionally use oxidizing platinum catalysts to generate a flow of electrons from molecules like hydrogen or methanol. But such catalysts are expensive and can produce toxic byproducts. Now researchers are using microbial fuel cells.
Chemistry World March 5, 2014 Jennifer Newton	Microfluidic fuel cells on paper Instrument-free point-of-care diagnostic devices could be taken to the next level with the development of microfluidic fuel cells on paper.
IEEE Spectrum October 2007 Neil Savage	Nanowire Silicon Solar Cell for Powering Small Circuits A new type of solar cell made from a nanometer-scale wire might one day provide an on-chip power source for nanoelectronic devices or run microscopic robots, say scientists.
National Defense August 2008 Grace V. Jean	Hydrogen Fuel Cells to Power Homes, Vehicles in Japan Next year, companies including Panasonic, Toshiba and Toyota will begin selling residential fuel cell systems across the nation, says Hisashi Yano, director of the Japan Hydrogen Fuel Cell demonstration park.
Chemistry World December 9, 2010 Mike Brown	Lithiation through the lens Scientists have generated high resolution images of lithium ions being deposited on a single nanowire anode, revealing how the material grows and flexes in response to charge.
Food Engineering October 29, 2008	Fuel cell decreases plant's external energy requirements The 1.2 megawatt fuel cell power plant is now the biggest power source for the Pepperidge Farm in Bloomfield, CT, which is now also the largest single commercial fuel cell power plant in the US.
Chemistry World November 12, 2007 Simon Hadlington	Coupled Enzymes May Spawn New Catalysts Chemists at the University of Oxford have created a new type of catalyst by attaching two enzymes to a microscopic flake of graphite. The system could be tailored to catalyze a range of reactions, the researchers say.
CIO January 1, 2003 Susannah Patton	Bye-Bye Batteries Imagine chatting on your cell phone for months at a time without recharging it. Or taking a laptop on a weeklong business trip without a battery or power cord. That's the goal of scientists around the world working to perfect tiny fuel cells using microtechnology engineering.
National Defense November 2005 Robert H. Williams	Power to Spare Found in Paperback-Size Package A just-developed compact fuel cell that is based on a highly concentrated methanol solution delivers 25 watts of continuous power to soldiers on the move.
Chemistry World February 5, 2009 Simon Hadlington	Carbon nanotube catalysts 'better than platinum' Researchers in the US have developed a novel catalyst based on carbon nanotubes for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen.
Technology Research News March 26, 2003	Plastic coating makes chips biofriendly Electronics usually don't mix well with biological material. Sandia National Laboratories researchers have overcome the incompatibility with a microscopic laser designed to quickly measure and identify microorganisms and cell types without inhibiting biological processes.
Chemistry World January 27, 2009 Nina Notman	Tethered nanocubes seek out analytes A team led by Timothy Fisher at Purdue University have developed a new type of biosensor coined a 'nano-tetherball biosensor' based on nanocube-shaped sensors tethered by conducting carbon nanotubes to electronic circuitry.
Chemistry World April 14, 2013 Andy Extance	Split water splitting raises green hydrogen hopes UK scientists say that they have developed the first widely-useable electrolysis system that splits water and releases hydrogen and oxygen in separate stages.
National Defense February 2004 Geoff S. Fein	Military Fuel-Cell Programs Not Yet Ready for Prime Time While the commercial industry is taking significant steps forward in the adoption of fuel cell technology, military researchers are taking a wait-and-see approach, expressing concern that fuel cells so far have not proven they can work in combat environments.
Chemistry World March 20, 2007 Lionel Milgrom	Chemical Model Unlocks Key Enzyme's Secrets The precise workings of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), an enzyme that is crucial for all aerobic life, have been unveiled.
Chemistry World March 31, 2014 Ian Randall	Shifting fluids with fuel-free enzyme pumps Microscopic, non-mechanical pumps that are activated and powered by the fluids they move have been developed by researchers from the US, Russia and Puerto Rico.
Technology Research News May 5, 2004 Eric Smalley	Memory Stores Three Bits in One Researchers have built a prototype molecular memory device that stores three bits in the same spot, multiplying storage density without increasing the device footprint.