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American Family Physician November 15, 2001 Thomas R. Riley	Preventive Strategies in Chronic Liver Disease: Part II. Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. Strategies have been established to prevent complications in patients with cirrhosis...
American Journal of Nursing February 2010 Melissa M. Smith	Emergency: Variceal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices Associated with Alcoholic Liver Disease This article describes alcoholic cirrhosis and its complications, discusses the etiology of esophageal varices and the risk factors for hemorrhage, and addresses emergent treatment.
Nurse Practitioner July 2008 Lynn A. Kelso	Cirrhosis: Caring for Patients with End-stage Liver Failure Caring for patients with end-stage liver disease can be very challenging for NPs.
Nursing March 2009 Mary G. McKinley	Recognizing and Responding to Acute Liver Failure By quickly recognizing the signs and symptoms of acute liver failure, you can help your patient improve his odds of surviving this often-deadly condition.
American Family Physician September 1, 2006 Heidelbaugh & Bruderly	Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Failure: Part I. Diagnosis and Evaluation Part I of a two-part on how to diagnose and determine treatment for cirrhosis and chronic liver failure.
American Family Physician November 1, 2005 Eddie Needham	Management of Acute Renal Failure Acute renal failure is an acute loss of kidney function that occurs over days to weeks and results in an inability to appropriately excrete nitrogenous wastes and creatinine. In spite of this rapid decline in kidney function, patients with acute renal failure often have few symptoms.
American Family Physician June 1, 2005 O'Brien & Chennubhotla	Treatment of Edema Major causes of edema include venous obstruction, increased capillary permeability, and increased plasma volume secondary to sodium and water retention. A systematic approach is warranted to determine the underlying diagnosis.
Nursing February 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2010, PART 1 In this article, you'll learn about 16 new drugs.
Nursing March 2011 Ali & Gray-Vickrey	Limiting the Damage From Acute Kidney Injury This article will discuss your role in early detection and management of AKI with an emphasis on care for older adults.
Nursing June 2012 Streets & Vickers	Is this patient with heart failure a candidate for ultrafiltration? Similar to dialysis, ultrafiltration is a type of renal replacement therapy that may be indicated for patients with heart failure who have significant volume overload despite outpatient diuretic therapy.
Nursing June 2010 Daniel A. Hussar	New drugs 2010, part 2 In this article, you'll learn about 14 recently marketed new drugs.
American Family Physician November 15, 2004 Snively & Gutierrez	Chronic Kidney Disease: Prevention and Treatment of Common Complications Family physicians have the opportunity to screen at-risk patients, identify affected patients, and ameliorate the impact of chronic kidney disease by initiating early therapy and monitoring disease progression.
Nurse Practitioner June 2011 Eva Hardy	Gout Diagnosis and Management: What NPs Need to Know Because primary care providers diagnose and treat the vast majority of patients with gout, it is important that they understand current guidelines and evidence-based practice.
Nursing May 2010 Debra Castner	Understanding the stages of chronic kidney disease This article will help you to recognize CKD and understand its stages so you can help your patient to modify risk factors, prevent further kidney damage, and manage complications. First, consider the scope of the problem.
American Family Physician October 15, 2002 Mahesh Krishnan	Preoperative Care of Patients with Kidney Disease Preoperative attention to common medical problems that occur in patients with impaired renal function can lower some surgical risks.
American Family Physician February 1, 2006 Lutfiyya et al.	Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia When a patient presents with suspected community-acquired pneumonia, the physician should first assess the need for hospitalization using a mortality prediction tool, such as the Pneumonia Severity Index, combined with clinical judgment.
Nursing June 2011 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2011: Part 2 In this article, you'll learn about seven recently approved drugs, including: fingolimod hydrochloride, an oral drug indicated to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
American Family Physician November 1, 2002 Hashim & Guillet	Common Issues in the Care of Sick Neonates Some newborn infants require observation and care that is beyond the scope of a normal newborn nursery. In many hospitals, this level of care is designated intermediate, level II, or special care nursery. Infants in these nurseries may be managed by family physicians...
Nurse Practitioner February 2011 Jennifer M. Belavic	Annual Drug Update: 2010 in Review In 2010, the FDA approved several new drugs and new indications for use in primary care. From new therapies for adults with rheumatoid arthritis to a combination drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia, NPs need to be aware of the latest medications now available.
Nursing March 2012 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 2012: part I In this article, you'll learn about 11 recently approved drugs.
Nursing November 2011 Jeanne Held-Warmkessel	Taming Three High-Risk Chemotherapy Complications A review of three common chemotherapy-associated complications that can be serious enough to require hospitalization: febrile neutropenia, chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, and chemotherapy-related enterotoxicity.
Nursing October 2011 Habib & Saunders	The yellow bird of jaundice: Recognizing biliary obstruction This article describes the various possible causes of biliary obstruction, diagnostic studies and treatment options, and nursing considerations for patients with this disorder.
American Family Physician March 15, 2004	Management of Hepatitis C: Evaluating Suitability for Drug Therapy Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a common and serious disease. Although an estimated 2.7 million persons in the United States have this disease, most have not yet been diagnosed.
Nursing October 2010 Jeff Strickler	Traumatic hypovolemic shock: Halt the downward spiral This article discusses the causes, treatments, and nursing care for patients with traumatic hypovolemic shock.
Nurse Practitioner February 2012 Jennifer M. Belavic	Annual drug update 2011 in review Many new medications were approved throughout 2011. This article will cover a variety of drugs that will be useful in nurse practitioner practice
American Family Physician August 1, 2002 Daphne P. Bicket	Using ACE Inhibitors Appropriately Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have documented clinical benefits in a variety of clinical situations, the disparity between the evidence from clinical trials and bedside medicine is well documented.
Nursing January 2011 Carl A. Kirton	HIV: The Changing Epidemic Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV infection in the United States has evolved from an acute debilitating condition to a chronic, treatable illness.
American Family Physician May 1, 2006 Luma & Spiotta	Hypertension in Children and Adolescents The prevalence and rate of diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents appear to be increasing. Most childhood hypertension, particularly in preadolescents, is secondary to an underlying disorder.
Nursing February 2009 Daniel A. Hussar	New Drugs 09: Part 1 Learn about 10 new drugs, including nebivolol HCl, the newest beta-adrenergic blocking agent for hypertension.
Nursing February 2012 Pezzotti & Freuler	Using anticoagulants to steer clear of clots This article will review coagulation and provide important information about several commonly used anticoagulants and their reversal agents.
American Family Physician April 15, 2001 Robert E. Hoyt & Lester Shawn	Reducing Readmissions for Congestive Heart Failure Hospital admission for congestive heart failure is extremely common and quite expensive, although it is frequently preventable...
American Family Physician December 1, 2004 McConaghy & Smith	Outpatient Treatment of Systolic Heart Failure Optimal outpatient treatment of systolic heart failure has three goals that should be pursued simultaneously: (1) control of risk factors for the development and progression of heart failure, (2) treatment of heart failure, and (3) education of patients.
American Family Physician April 1, 2005 Manning-Dimmitt et al.	Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Adults The clinical evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient and the suspected source of the bleeding.
American Family Physician January 15, 2004 Roche & Kobos	Jaundice in the Adult Patient Jaundice in an adult patient can be caused by a wide variety of benign or life-threatening disorders. Organizing the differential diagnosis by prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic causes may help make the work-up more manageable.
Nursing March 2011 Mink & Miller	Stroke, Part 2: Respond aggressively to hemorrhagic stroke Patients may arrive at the hospital any time from minutes to days after a hemorrhagic stroke, and nurses need to be prepared for the unique challenges associated with their care.
American Journal of Nursing September 2007 Kohtz & Thompson	Preventing Contrast Medium--Induced Nephropathy As understanding about contrast medium-induced nephropathy and its management evolves, nurses' awareness of research and guidelines for prevention and care is vital.
American Family Physician June 1, 2006 Bayard, Holt & Boroughs	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common condition associated with metabolic syndrome. It is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in U.S. adults, and is diagnosed after ruling out other causes of steatosis, particularly infectious hepatitis and alcohol abuse.
American Family Physician January 15, 2002 Lori J. Mosca	Optimal Management of Cholesterol Levels and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are significant risk factors for coronary heart disease. Abundant data show inadequate utilization of lipid-lowering therapy in women...
American Family Physician August 1, 2000 Mark R. Ellis & Kevin Y. Kane	Lightening the Lead Load in Children The causes and effects of lead poisoning on children.
Nurse Practitioner July 2010 Kristine A. Scordo	Treating antiretroviral-induced dyslipidemia in HIV-infected adults Studies indicate that HIV-infected patients (both males and females) may be at an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease
Nursing September 2010 Margaret M. Bolton	Sounding the alarm about metabolic syndrome Any health problem that affects a third of American adults is sure to impact your nursing practice. Metabolic syndrome, a growing and commonly silent condition, poses a significant public health crisis.
Nursing Management August 2010 Maria Christabelle Castro	Unraveling Guillain-Barre Syndrome No one knows for sure what causes Guillain-Barre Syndrome. It's a rare disorder, with a frequency of about 1 to 2 cases per every 100,000 people per year in the United States.
American Journal of Nursing November 2011 Christine L. Cutugno	The 'Graying' of Trauma Care: Addressing Traumatic Injury in Older Adults Evidence-based strategies for managing trauma and its complications in this population.
American Family Physician September 1, 2004 Ostapchuk, Roberts & Haddy	Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children When diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia, physicians should rely mainly on the patient's history and physical examination, supplemented by judicious use of chest radiographs and laboratory tests as needed.
American Family Physician November 15, 2002 Cynthia M. Williams	Using Medications Appropriately in Older Adults Finding the right balance between too few and too many drugs will help ensure increased longevity, improved overall health, and enhanced functioning and quality of life for the aging population.
American Family Physician November 15, 2006 Mark H. Ebell	Point-of-Care Guides The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), United Network for Organ Sharing modification.
American Family Physician February 15, 2004	A New View of Occult and Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding Occult gastrointestinal bleeding usually is discovered when fecal occult blood test results are positive or iron deficiency anemia is detected. Fecal occult blood testing methods vary, but all have limited sensitivity and specificity.
American Family Physician June 15, 2004 Darwin Deen	Metabolic Syndrome: Time for Action Family physicians can be more effective in helping patients to change their lifestyle behaviors by assessing each patient for the presence of specific risk factors, clearly communicating these risk factors to patients, identifying appropriate interventions to address specific risks, and assisting patients in identifying barriers to behavior change.
Nursing October 2011 Elizabeth Heavey	Obesity in pregnancy: Deliver sensitive care This article addresses the health risks of obesity to mother and baby during pregnancy, labor, and delivery and discusses what you can do to mitigate those risks.
Nursing June 2011 Cahill & Armstrong	Caring for an adult with a malignant primary brain tumor Pprimary brain tumors are relatively uncommon, occurring in an estimated 63,000 patients in the united states each year.