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Geotimes November 2007 Carolyn Gramling	How Does Your Continent Grow? Data from ancient mantle rocks are helping to shore up the hypothesis that the continental crust was extracted in pulses, during periodic large melting events in the mantle.
Geotimes September 2003 Sara Pratt	Zircons reveal mantle evolution A team of Finnish geologists has discovered 3.1 billion-year-old zircons in the Jormua ophiolite of eastern Finland. Although not the oldest zircons on Earth, the Jormua zircons are the oldest yet found in mantle rocks. Their discovery has given scientists a brief glimpse into the history of early plate tectonics.
Chemistry World January 14, 2014 Ian Randall	Early start for plate tectonics Subduction of the Earth's crust -- and modern-day plate tectonics -- may have begun as early as the Hadean Eon, 4.4 billion years ago, according to a new study led by researchers from Australia.
Chemistry World July 22, 2011 David Bradley	Cracking diamonds reveals continental origins An analysis of the mineral inclusions in diamonds dredged up by eruptions from deep within the Earth has allowed scientists to get a handle on when the process of plate tectonics began.
Chemistry World July 3, 2015 Ida Emilie Steinmark	Iron found in ancient rock is recycled from bacteria Isotopic analysis suggests that some of the iron within rock formations was processed by bacteria 2.5 billion years ago
Geotimes September 2005 Sara Pratt	Sourcing Ultradeep Diamonds Mineral impurities in a diamond may decrease the gem's value for jewelers, but for geologists they can prove to be priceless: South African diamonds containing garnet have recently provided evidence that very deep diamonds can form from surface materials.
Geotimes September 2006 Lisa Rossbacher	Big Lonesome Mountain What makes Gros Morne National Park so special is that its stories match the experience each visitor brings. The more geology you know, the more you will see and the richer the visit will be, but the geology meets all visitors at their own level.
Geotimes September 2007 Elizabeth Quill	Earth's Heat Buoys up Its Crust New research suggests that without the heat in Earth's crust and upper mantle creating elevation, much of North America would be underwater.
Geotimes June 2007 Hansen & Gramling	Are Volcanoes Picky Eaters? New measurements of the concentrations of elements within magma suggest a volcano's food may be a complex recipe -- and that what kind of magma a volcano prefers may affect its physical features, including the size to which it can grow, according to new research
Chemistry World November 3, 2014 Tim Wogan	Earth ripe for life soon after formation There has been water on Earth since shortly after it formed, say researchers from the US, who compared the deuterium to hydrogen ratios in water on Earth and from the Vesta asteroid belt.
Chemistry World April 16, 2015 Tim Wogan	Early Earth collision could clear up two geological mysteries Two seemingly unconnected geology problems -- the unexpected ratio of two neodymium isotopes in terrestrial rocks and the energy source for the dynamo that creates Earth's magnetic field -- could be solved by a new theory.
Chemistry World April 9, 2009 Lewis Brindley	'Nickel famine' caused ancient oxygen rise A crucial increase in atmospheric oxygen that occurred around 2.4 billion years ago could have been triggered by a shortage of nickel in the oceans, according to Canadian researchers.
Geotimes September 2007 Nicole Branan	Understanding the Crust Beneath Iran The most recent continent-continent collision on Earth began about 10 to 20 million years ago when the Arabian Plate slammed into Eurasia in what is modern-day Iran. An international team of researchers has brought to light an important piece of this ancient history.
Chemistry World November 10, 2010 Mike Brown	Sulfur story unearths oxygen environment Earth's atmosphere could have supported complex life 400 million years earlier than thought, according to sulfur isotope signatures found in some of the oldest rocks on Earth.
Geotimes June 2007 Kathryn Hansen	So, When Did Earth Become Attractive? Ever since Earth's protective field was discovered in 1958, scientists have been wondering when did the planet grow up and become attractive?
Geotimes November 2007 Kathryn Watts	Yellowstone and Heise: Supervolcanoes That Lighten Up Beneath Yellowstone, and driving many of its beloved features such as the geyser Old Faithful, lies a churning chamber of magma that has erupted before and may erupt again.
Geotimes August 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Early Life Lines Make Waves Life on Earth just got a little older. New evidence from an ancient rock formation in Australia is bolstering one side of a long-standing debate: that the earliest life on Earth helped shape thousands of finely-layered sediment mounds within the rock.
Geotimes July 2004 Sara Pratt	Core Compositions Scientists are working to explain the differences in composition between Earth and Mars.
Geotimes October 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Flexing Plates Produce Volcanoes There's a new kind of volcano in town, according to a new study.
Geotimes July 2004 Jay Chapman	Squishy plates Using groundbreaking satellite techniques, new research suggests continental crust reacts to strain more like toothpaste than rigid blocks of rock.
Geotimes July 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Earth Soaks up Seawater Geologists have long thought that seawater does not travel very far through Earth's interior A new geochemical study, however, is challenging that notion, saying that traces of seawater exist deep inside the planet.
Geotimes November 2005 Megan Sever	New Appalachian Tale New research indicates that conventional thinking about the timing of the building of the Appalachian Mountains may be incorrect.
Geotimes October 2005 Lisa M. Pinsker	Feuding Over the Origins of Fossil Fuels The so-called inorganic or abiogenic oil idea has been getting more attention lately. With oil more expensive than ever and many people citing future shortages, understanding the origins of petroleum is increasingly relevant.
Geotimes February 2005 Joshua Zaffos	Mid-Ocean Ridge Spread or Jam? Different spreading geologic ridges move at different rates, and new research may explain how changes in spreading rates affect heat distribution and crust development at the ridges, particularly the slow ones.
Geotimes May 2007 Kathryn Hansen	Deep Earth May Hold an Ocean Earth's deep interior, more than 1,000 kilometers below the surface in the mantle, could prove to be a watery place. That's the conclusion researchers drew from an anomaly uncovered by the first global map of Earth's lower mantle, using a new type of seismic analysis.
Chemistry World August 5, 2010 Phillip Broadwith	Dry Moon discovery Was there water on the Moon when it first formed? US geochemists say the distribution of chlorine isotopes in lunar rocks suggest not, or at least not as much as other recent studies have proposed
Geotimes March 2005 Sara Pratt	Rocky Debate Over Early Life Scientists fail to replicate a 1996 study on 3.85-billion-year-old rocks that pushed back the date of the earliest evidence for life on Earth by several hundred million years.
Chemistry World March 13, 2014 Emma Stoye	Piece of Earth's interior 'ocean' found in diamond A tiny crystal found in a diamond has confirmed predictions about a giant store of water deep in the Earth's mantle.
Geotimes February 2004 Sara Pratt	Fire cooks rock clocks A new field study has confirmed what models had previously predicted: The intense heat of wildfires can reset the helium "clock" in rocks, making them appear younger than they are.
Geotimes November 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Airing Out an Early Atmosphere Scientists have generally thought that oxygen was scarce in Earth's atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago. Now a study based on new evidence suggests that oxygen may actually have been around longer than previously thought.
Chemistry World December 4, 2013 James Urquhart	Diamonds' redox reaction origins revealed Subduction zones -- boundaries between tectonic plates where the Earth's crust sinks into the hot mantle -- could be breeding grounds for diamond formation, according to Russian researchers.
Chemistry World April 6, 2011 Mike Brown	Mars chemistry reveals how red planet cooled The chemistry of volcanic rock on Mars offers a picture of the thermal history of the planet, according to scientists in France. The findings could provide a reference point for the evolution of other planets, they say.
Geotimes November 2005 Kathryn Hansen	Earthly Origin for Desert Formation The Richat Structure in the Maur Adrar Desert is frequently photographed from space. The formation resembles an impact crater, but researchers now say that the famous feature may be the result of magma fluids dissolving sedimentary rocks about 100 million years ago.
Geotimes July 2003 Allen Glazner	Igneous Petrology Much effort in igneous petrology over the past year centered on using microanalytical methods to study big problems. Ever-improving analytical techniques are allowing precise measurement of elemental abundances and isotopic ratios on ever-smaller phases in rocks.
National Defense September 2010 Grace V. Jean	Scientists Say They Are Closer Than Ever to Predicting Earthquakes Researchers have discovered that there are warning signs that can be detected in the weeks and hours prior to temblors.
Geotimes October 2004 Katie Donnelly	Petrology and Politics This scientist is preparing for her upcoming work in Washington, D.C., as the 2004-2005 Congressional Science Fellow for the American Geological Institute.
Geotimes October 2006 Carolyn Gramling	Strong Earthquake Shakes up Hawaii A magnitude-6.7 earthquake rumbled through the island chain of Hawaii, originating near Hawaii island, known as the "Big Island," according to the USGS. An aftershock with a magnitude of 6.0 followed seven minutes later.
Chemistry World February 26, 2014 Emma Stoye	Yellowstone spews out ancient helium Researchers have found that huge amounts of helium are being released through steam plumes in the US's Yellowstone National Park, having been stored in the Earth's crust for billions of years.
Geotimes September 2004 Sarah Todd Davidson	The Center of it All: Visiting Central Park New York's Central Park presents a treasure trove of important geologic information.
Geotimes June 2006 Katie Unger	Ancient Methane-Makers Researchers extracted methane gas from hydrothermal dikes in Western Australia and say that microbes produced the gas, which is evidence of some of Earth's earliest life.
Chemistry World October 20, 2015 Emma Stoye	Ancient graphite may push start of life back by 300 million years Life on earth may have begun millions of years earlier than previously thought, claim researchers who have measured the carbon isotopes of graphite preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old mineral.
Chemistry World June 19, 2013 Jaco Baas	Earth materials: introduction to mineralogy and petrology This book by Cornelis Klein and Anthony Philpotts promises a comprehensive text on mineralogy and petrology for single-semester university courses in geology, earth science and environmental science.
Geotimes July 2003 Lisa M. Pinsker	Challenging core ideas Earth's core has never been so popular -- first plastered over billboards to advertise the recent movie The Core, and now in press worldwide discussing David Stevenson's "modest proposal" to send a grapefruit-sized probe thousands of kilometers into the planet's mysterious core.
Chemistry World May 11, 2006 Jon Evans	Sea Water Assumes the Xenon Mantle Geochemists have uncovered evidence that sea water incorporates noble gases into the Earth's mantle, overturning current theories of how noble gases are transported beneath the crust.
Chemistry World December 17, 2007 Simon Hadlington	Blow to Hopes for Life on Mars Organic molecules found on rocks from Mars may not be the remnants of ancient Martian microbes after all.
Geotimes July 2007 Carolyn Gramling	X-ray Eyes in the Sky Scientists are working on the next generation of low-orbiting satellites that they hope will see far past the Earth's surface and into its interior, to better understand the structure and composition of Earth's crust, mantle and core.
Chemistry World May 24, 2012 Jon Evans	Can magma crystals predict eruptions? Mineral crystals blasted out from volcanoes can provide a window into the powerful processes going on inside those volcanoes, say UK and German earth scientists.
Science News March 17, 2001	TimeLine: March 14, 1931 70 Years Ago in Science News: New Welded Pipe Line Carries Water to San Diego... Age of Earth Determined as Over 2,000,000,000 Years... Moon Lacks Oxygen, Its Light Proves...
Geotimes April 2007 Kathryn Hansen	Ocean Waves Drive Earth's Hum High-energy near-shore waves are the main source of energy for the constant seismic background noise known as Earth's "hum."
Geotimes January 2004 Cynthia Martinez	Earth Science Week in the Limelight The sixth annual Earth Science Week, held Oct. 12-18, promoted understanding and appreciation of the value of earth science research and its applications and relevance to our daily lives.