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Finance & Development June 1, 2000 Janet Stotsky, Esther Suss, & Stephen Tokarick	Trade Liberalization in the Caribbean Since the mid-1990s, the governments of Caribbean countries have demonstrated a firm commitment to trade liberalization. What steps have they taken, what have the results been, and what further steps should they consider taking?
Finance & Development December 1, 2001 Bannister & Thugge	International Trade and Poverty Alleviation How does trade liberalization affect the poor, and how can they be protected against its negative short-term effects?
Finance & Development December 1, 2001 Robert Sharer	An Agenda for Trade, Investment, and Regional Integration The importance of enhancing sub-Saharan Africa's trade performance, which was very weak in the 1980s and 1990s, cannot be overemphasized.
Finance & Development December 1, 2008 Ivanic & Martin	Ensuring Food Security Trade policy must be complemented by other measures to ensure food is available to all.
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Claudio M. Loser & Martine Guerguil	The Long Road to Financial Stability Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean weathered the economic crises of the late 1990s better than expected, thanks to the policy reforms of the past two decades. Further reform is urgently needed, however, to put the region on a faster growth path and reduce its vulnerability to external shocks.
Finance & Development March 2010 Henn & McDonald	Avoiding Protectionism So far the world has resisted widespread resort to trade measures, but the hardest part may be yet to come.
Finance & Development December 1, 2006 Gupta & Yang	Unblocking Trade To underpin growth, Africa needs to adopt a comprehensive approach to boosting trade. Only by adopting a holistic approach can African economies succeed.
Finance & Development March 1, 2001 Alvin D.L. Hilaire	Economic Stabilization in the Caribbean Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago simultaneously tackled serious economic difficulties in the early 1990s. The results of their adjustment programs demonstrate that fiscal reform, supported by other policies, may be the key to achieving a sustainable recovery...
Finance & Development September 1, 2002 Hans Peter Lankes	Market Access for Developing Countries Poor countries could boost growth and reduce poverty by expanding exports to the rich countries and to each other. But, despite the progress made in trade liberalization under successive multilateral agreements, many barriers persist in both developing and industrial countries.
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Leonardo Cardemil, Juan Carlos Di Tata, & Florencia Frantischek	Central America: Adjustment and Reforms in the 1990s Following a weak performance in the 1980s, the Central American economies experienced a turnaround in the 1990s as they adopted improved policies within a more stable political environment. Now, how can they best maintain macroeconomic stability, continue structural reforms, and strengthen social policies to maximize rates of economic growth and reduce the incidence of poverty?
Finance & Development December 1, 2001 Evangelos A. Calamitsis	The Need for Stronger Domestic Policies and International Support Globalization is a powerful engine of world prosperity, and it is certainly here to stay. Income disparities remain large. The basic issue is what policies and reforms are most likely to bring about sustainable economic growth for the benefit of all the peoples of the world.
Finance & Development September 2008 Gupta & Tareq	Mobilizing Revenue Strengthening domestic revenue bases is key to creating fiscal space for Africa's developmental needs
Finance & Development September 1, 2007 Li Cui	China's Growing External Dependence The country's economic fortunes are increasingly tied to those of the global economy.
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Pedro Pou	Argentina's Structural Reforms of the 1990s Argentina experienced serious economic and financial difficulties in the 1980s. Hyperinflation in 1989-90 finally elicited the necessary political consensus for reform. Despite areas of concern, structural reforms implemented in the 1990s have set Argentina on the path to sustained growth.
Finance & Development December 1, 2000 Ernesto Hernandez-Cata	Raising Growth and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Can Be Done? Sub-Saharan Africa must increase economic growth to reduce poverty and improve living standards. This article discusses some obstacles to growth in the region, as well as some policy actions that would improve its prospects.
Finance & Development September 1, 2000 Emine Gurgen	Central Asia: Achievements and Prospects Although the five Central Asian countries in transition have made progress in moving to a market economy, they still have far to go and need to intensify their reform efforts.
Finance & Development June 1, 2007 Harry G. Broadman	Connecting Africa and Asia Improved Asian market access can boost Africa's exports, but Africa needs domestic reforms to fully capture the economic benefits
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Jose Angel Gurria	Mexico: Recent Developments, Structural Reforms, and Future Challenges In recent years, the Mexican government has implemented a series of economic reforms to strengthen the country's fundamentals and increase its ability to cope with external shocks. Because of the progress that has been made, the government is confident that Mexico will be able to leave recent crises behind and start the new millennium with a stable and growing economy.
Finance & Development March 1, 2006 Zagha, Nankani & Gill	Rethinking Growth Economists are reconsidering what they really know about economic growth and how to go about formulating global national policies in the absence of reliable models.
Finance & Development December 1, 2001 Paul Chabrier	Growth Strategy for North Africa: A Regional Approach Independent business surveys show that private investors generally feel that the business environment in the region has many serious problems, such as excessive red tape and weak domestic institutions---particularly the legal and judicial systems.
Finance & Development September 1, 2007 Amiti & Freund	China's Export Boom China's export dynamism is revealed in a sharp move into electronics and machinery.
Finance & Development March 1, 2006 James T. Walsh	New Customs Squaring new security concerns with the need to facilitate trade is a daunting challenge for many customs administrations.
Finance & Development December 2010 Elborgh-Woytek & Gregory	Poorest Economies Can Export More Advanced and emerging economies can make it easier for the least developed countries to sell more products abroad.
Finance & Development September 2010 Helge Berger	Return to Form Germany's economy is again Europe's locomotive, but its export dependence is both a blessing and a curse
Finance & Development September 1, 2002 Anne McGuirk	The Doha Development Agenda The launch of a new trade round in Doha last November was a major breakthrough following the debacle in Seattle in 1999. The new round places the needs and interests of developing countries at the heart of its work, but a successful outcome is by no means a foregone conclusion.
The Motley Fool December 18, 2006 Dan Caplinger	Know Your Numbers: Import Price Index By looking at detailed information by industry and country, investors can focus on promising industries that may hold the best potential for investment gains.
Finance & Development September 1, 2007 Aziz & Dunaway	China's Rebalancing Act China's economic miracle may be at risk unless the country relies more on domestic consumption.
Finance & Development December 2009 Brad McDonald	Back to Basics: Why Countries Trade IF there is a point on which most economists agree, it is that trade among nations makes the world better off. Yet international trade can be one of the most contentious of political issues, both domestically and between governments.
Finance & Development September 1, 2002 Dustin Smith	The Truth About Industrial Country Tariffs Average tariff rates mask one important fact: the poor get hit the hardest
Finance & Development September 1, 2002 Adhikari & Yang	What Will WTO Membership Mean for China and Its Trading Partners? After 15 years of arduous negotiations, China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization. The opening of an economy as large as China's can be disruptive to some developing countries in the short run, but, in the long run, it should benefit not only China but also its trading partners.
Finance & Development June 1, 2006 Burton et al.	Asia's Winds of Change The path that Asian countries have traveled to growth and prosperity in the past 50 years will remain relevant for the future -- the embrace of openness, the commitment to macroeconomic stability, and the drive to adapt and reform in response to changing circumstances.
Finance & Development June 2011	Esprit de Currency The IMF and WTO must pull together to iron out exchange rate policy disputes.
Finance & Development December 1, 2007 Dadush & Nielson	Governing Global Trade The multilateral system that has underpinned world trade for over 50 years is facing serious challenges.
Reason February 2006 Griswold, Slivinski & Preble	Six Reasons to Kill Farm Subsidies and Trade Barriers The time is ripe for unilaterally removing America's distorting agricultural trade policies. Here's how: 1. Lower Food Prices for American Families... 2. Lower Costs and Increased Exports for American Companies... etc.
Finance & Development September 2011	Trading Places Emerging markets are becoming major trading centers thanks to global supply chains and high-technology exports.
BusinessWeek October 27, 2003 Cooper & Madigan	U.S.: A Silver Lining's Menacing Cloud Higher demand will lead to a rising trade deficit -- even with a lower dollar.
Finance & Development June 1, 2005 Peter Heller	Back to Basics -- Fiscal Space: What It Is and How to Get It Although the term is new, the concept is not. It has long been an element of sound fiscal analysis. And the challenge of creating fiscal space is one that has always confronted governments and their advisors, including international financial institutions like the IMF.
Finance & Development March 1, 2007 Yaga Venugopal Reddy	Point of View: Converting a Tiger The Reserve Bank of India's governor offers lessons from the country's gradualist approach to capital account convertibility.
Finance & Development September 1, 2005 Aiyar et al.	The Macroeconomic Challenge of More Aid Here is an analysis of five African countries that received big increases in aid. Their experiences offer useful lessons on an international level in scaling up aid to well-performing poor countries.
Finance & Development June 1, 2001 Paul Streeten	Integration, Interdependence, and Globalization Although many commentators say we are living in a time of unprecedented global integration, the world economy was actually more integrated at the end of the nineteenth century. Despite increasing integration in some respects, today's world is in many ways fragmented and without coordination...
Finance & Development March 1, 2002 Kevin Watkins	Making Globalization Work for the Poor In the view of the IMF, the World Bank, and most northern governments, removing barriers to trade is one of the most powerful things that governments can do to give the poor a bigger stake in global prosperity...
Finance & Development June 2010 Linda Yueh	A Stronger China China can emerge from the crisis stronger if it increases domestic demand and promotes global integration.
Finance & Development September 1, 2002 Berg & Krueger	Lifting All Boats: Why Openness Helps Curb Poverty It is important to assess the quality of the evidence regarding the links between openness, growth, and poverty reduction. This article provides a critical survey of recent studies.
Finance & Development December 1, 2001 Davis, Ossowski, Daniel & Barnett	Oil Funds: Problems Posing as Solutions? Heavy dependence on oil revenues---which are volatile and unpredictable, and will, sooner or later, dry up---greatly complicates a country's fiscal policy. To tackle these problems, many oil-producing countries are setting up oil funds. But are these really a solution, or just a problem posing as one?
Finance & Development March 1, 2000 Catherine L. Mann	Is the U.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable? The U.S. current account deficit, driven by the United States' widening trade deficit, is the largest it has ever been, both as a share of the U.S. economy and in dollar terms. How much longer can the United States continue to spend more than it earns and support the resumption of global growth?
BusinessWeek October 27, 2003 Cooper & Madigan	Mexico: Feeble Growth Calls For Heftier Reforms Mexico has not yet benefited from the U.S. growth spurt, and the weak pace emphasizes the need for reforms in labor laws, energy, and taxes.
BusinessWeek September 17, 2009 James C. Cooper	Business Outloook: How the Global Economy Is Rebalancing This time Asia, the Americas, and Europe are all accelerating together. This synchronized rebound will lift trade broadly, to the benefit of U.S. exports.
Finance & Development June 1, 2002 Pradeep K. Mitra & Marcelo Selowsky	Lessons from a Decade of Transition in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union A decade after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991, some transition economies are performing far better than others. Reducing barriers to entry is not enough -- hard budget constraints must also be imposed on the old money-losing state-owned enterprises.
Finance & Development September 1, 2007 Hu Xiaolian	China's Approach to Reform Here, the Deputy Governor of the People's Bank of China and Administrator of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange discusses how rapid economic development in China is based on long-term goals that aim for stability.
Finance & Development September 1, 2002 Peter D. Sutherland	Why We Should Embrace Globalization For the first time, many companies are operating on a global basis. Although this change has raised fears among some people in both industrial and developing countries, it offers new and exciting opportunities for raising living standards worldwide.