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National Defense April 2004 Roxana Tiron	Computer Simulations Bolster Joint-Service Combat Training Connecting combat simulations in real time, so commanders and war planners from all services can train together, has proved to be a tough technical issue for the Defense Department. Last year, the Pentagon cancelled the multibillion-dollar Joint Simulation Systems program, as a result of cost overruns and poor performance.
National Defense December 2004 Harold Kennedy	Military Steps Up Training For Joint Close-Air Support The U.S. Joint Forces Command is increasing its efforts to ensure that aviators from all military services follow the same procedures when they provide joint close-air support to ground troops during combat.
National Defense December 2004 Michael Peck	Quick Mission Rehearsals Goal of Joint Training Slashing the rehearsal time needed for joint training missions from months to days is one of the goals of the joint national training capability (JNTC), a concept designed to move joint warfare from rhetoric to reality.
National Defense May 2007 Grace Jean	Recruits Virtually Experience the High-Tech Navy With sophisticated warships poised to enter its fleet during the next several years, the Navy is relying more and more on technology to train sailors.
National Defense May 2007 Grace Jean	Air Force `Virtual Flag' Makes up for Lost Flying Hours As the Air Force's budget continues to be squeezed, officials are looking for ways to cut back flying hours. Simulations and honed in digital war games such as Virtual Flag are one way to provide pilots inexpensive training.
National Defense September 2006 Grace Jean	Navy's Virtual Training Exercises Expanding in Realism and Scope The Navy's use of modeling and simulation-based training has increased during the past several years, in part because of improvements in computer technologies and network capabilities.
National Defense December 2009 Shea, Willadsen & Lashlee	Military in Korea Expands Use of Simulations in War Games More so than in most other places, modeling and simulation are critical to training in Korea.
National Defense April 2004 Roxana Tiron	Joint-Service Needs Shape Marine Training Programs The Marine Corps is taking steps to align its training programs with joint requirements, officials said. Under the Defense Department's umbrella project called the Joint National Training Capability, the Marines are, for the first time, investing in technologies such as range instrumentation, to ensure they can participate in JNTC training events.
National Defense December 2010 Stew Magnuson	Mix of Live and Virtual Training Will Result in Savings, Army Says Army training has taken place in three separate realms: out in the field, in front of screens where the real world is simulated with computer-generated graphics, or on desktop computers.
National Defense December 2004 Roxana Tiron	Army Pilots Fly Simulated Operations Before Deployments For about five years, the Aviation Center at Fort Rucker, Ala., has facilitated aviation-training exercises, known as ATX, to hone task forces' war fighting and peacekeeping skills prior to their deployments. The ultimate goal of an ATX is to identify weaknesses, said officials.
National Defense July 2007 Grace Jean	Combat Drills Stress Air-Ground Coordination The elaborate coordination required to synchronize events on the ground with air maneuvers often is not mastered until units are in actual combat.
National Defense October 2004 Harold Kennedy	Friend or Foe? The newest in combat identification technologies are being evaluated by the U.S. Joint Forces Command in Norfolk, Va.
National Defense August 2006 David Axe	Training Center Simulates Army's Digital Battle Command Technology A new high-tech facility will allow Army planners to concoct realistic training scenarios for units heading to Iraq. These advanced computer networks will connect real-world Army battle-command and control systems with digital simulations.
National Defense December 2006 Stew Magnuson	Revamped Flag Exercises Reflect New Missions While toe-to-toe aerial battles are still part of Red Flag training, leaders are quick to point out that they are adapting to new threats. The Air Force has revamped the Air Warrior exercise and redubbed it Green Flag.
National Defense January 2004 Sandra I. Erwin	Military Bases at Sea: No Longer Unthinkable Staging a military campaign the size of Operation Iraqi Freedom entirely from ships at sea---with no access to land bases---would seem inconceivable to most defense planners. Nonetheless, the notion is gaining momentum at the Pentagon.
National Defense September 2006 Grace Jean	Navy Exercise Organizers Aspire to Link Players Around the Globe Recent fleet synthetic training exercises have linked Navy crews aboard vessels and inside simulators across the country with other U.S. military services and even European forces overseas.
National Defense January 2016 Stew Magnuson	Marines Prepare to Fight at Sea, on the Ground, From the Air After more than a decade of slogging counterinsurgency warfare, the Marine Corps is preparing for the conflicts of the future.
National Defense July 2004 Sandra I. Erwin	Revised Rules for Close Air Support Under new procedures now in place, all participants in close air-support operations will be trained to follow the same protocols across all services, and will employ common terminology for assigning targets and ordering air-to-ground strikes.
National Defense February 2013 Sandra I. Erwin	Proliferation of Cruise Missiles Sparks Concern About U.S. Air Defenses The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan saw the rise of improvised explosive devices as the ultimate asymmetric weapon. Future conflicts, strategists warn, could expose U.S. forces on land and at sea to a deadly weapon that is extremely hard to detect: cruise missiles.
National Defense December 2005 Sandra I. Erwin	Controlling Iraq's Crowded Airspace No Easy Task The Air Defense Artillery Center is working to avoid collisions between unmanned drones and helicopters over Iraq. Future airspace control plans include defense against cruise missiles, rockets, artillery and mortars.
National Defense January 2004 Harold Kennedy	U.S.-Led Coalition Seeks To Block Weapon Shipments The United States and 10 other nations have embarked upon a controversial plan to limit the spread of weapons of mass destruction by blocking suspect shipments by air, land or sea.
National Defense December 2015 Jon Harper	Live, Virtual, Constructive Training Poised for Growth Advances in simulation technologies and data links will revolutionize the way U.S. fighter pilots train, according to Defense Department officials and members of industry.
National Defense December 2012 Thomas A. Benes	Navy, Marine Corps Rethink Expeditionary Warfare Expeditionary warfare is evolving to meet the demands of a future beyond the Iraq-Afghanistan conflicts. The Navy is rebalancing its forward deployment posture, and the Marine Corps is in transition from land-centric warfare.
National Defense April 2007 Grace Jean	Riverines Rehearse for First Mission in Iraq The Navy's riverine squadron is preparing for duty in Iraq through months of intense training at the Marine Corps School of Infantry and the Special Missions Training Center.
National Defense December 2012 Sandra I. Erwin	Budget Cuts, Fuels Costs Could Spur Military Spending on Virtual Training The Air Force estimates it could save about $1.7 billion over five years by reducing flying hours by 5 percent and shifting more of its pilot and crew training to simulators.
National Defense November 2012 Dan Parsons	U.S. Pacific Shift Aims to Manage, Not Challenge China's Rise Defense Department leaders are set to manage a strategic "shift" or "pivot" that has been in works for a while, but will accelerate once U.S. troops leave Afghanistan in 2014.
National Defense December 2004 Michael Peck	Computer Games Helping To Train Commanding Officers This year, 600 of the 1,600 majors taking brigade staff training at the college played TACOPSCAV, a PC-based hobbyist war game designed by a former Marine intelligence officer. The civilian version sells for about $25.
National Defense July 2009 Grace V. Jean	U.S., Coalition Troops to Rehearse For Combat in Simulated Afghan War A high-tech combat simulation now in the planning stages will seek to achieve what eight years of real combat in Afghanistan apparently has not. And that is to teach U.S. forces how to fight with allies.
National Defense May 2005 Lawrence P. Farrell	Successful Net-Centric Operations Require Joint Testing The wars U.S. forces are fighting today---and can be expected to fight in the foreseeable future---undoubtedly are shaping the military services' requirements for new and improved technology.
National Defense January 2005 Roxana Tiron	Deployment of Sea Bases Faces Technical, Budgetary Challenges The notion that ground forces can be launched, supported and sustained solely from ships at sea is still new to the Army and the Air Force, and the Defense Department has yet to figure out how to pay for this capability.
National Defense July 2004 Harold Kennedy	Air Force Seeks to Upgrade Close Air Support Fleet As the Iraqi and Afghan conflicts evolve essentially into ground wars the Air Force is moving to improve its ability to provide close air support, according to the service's top officials.
National Defense January 2006 Grace Jean	Naval `Sea Base' Supporters Seek to Prove Worth to Army Navy officials have drawn up plans to deploy a floating military base capable of supporting two combat brigades by 2019. It is not yet clear, however, whether the sea base concept is based on solid analysis or whether its potential benefits justify the cost.
Parameters Summer 2004 Gordon & Sollinger	The Army's Dilemma The Army is perceived by many as unimaginative, obstructionist, and wedded to concepts of warfare that are increasingly irrelevant to the current geopolitical environment. This article suggests an explanation for this perception and ways the Army might alter it.
National Defense December 2015 Yasmin Tadjdeh	Simulated Warfare Gets Real for Ground Troops At a test range at Marine Corps Base Quantico, troops prepared for battle. Helicopters flew overhead, tanks roamed the field and the echoes of artillery fire could be heard. These threats, however, were simulated.
National Defense November 2009 Grace V. Jean	Battlefield Intelligence: Easy to Collect, Tough to Share The U.S. military has deployed unmanned aircraft and other information collection devices at a pace that exceeds the capabilities of battlefield intelligence systems to archive, analyze and disseminate the video and imagery.
Military & Aerospace Electronics November 2007 Courtney E. Howard	Training for the War on Terror Military personnel throughout the ranks hone their skills with advanced training and simulation systems.
National Defense March 2012 Eric Beidel	Navy Leaders Want a More Flexible Fleet After fighting two land wars for a decade, the military is putting an emphasis back on the sea and is shifting its focus to the Asia-Pacific region and to a more maritime-weighted mission in the Middle East.
National Defense November 2011 Beidel et al.	10 Technologies the U.S. Military Will Need For the Next War Examples are faster and quieter helicopters, advanced crowd-control weapons, lighter infantry equipment that doesn't overburden troops, ultra-light trucks and better battlefield communications.
Military & Aerospace Electronics June 2004 Ben Ames	Engineers Learn to Blend Technologies in Joint Fighting Platforms To work effectively in joint warfighting, systems must be designed to cooperate from their inception, not patched together after the fact, says Navy Admiral Walter F. Doran, commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet.
National Defense February 2010 Stew Magnuson	Army to Air Force: We Won't Give Up Our Surveillance Aircraft A second turf war over control of unmanned aerial vehicles is underway after sharp criticism from a senior Air Force general who said the Army is not efficiently deploying its fleet of medium-sized remotely piloted aircraft.
National Defense August 2005 Harold Kennedy	22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit Prepares to Deploy An estimated 600 combat-armed Leathernecks and sailors from the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit are scheduled early this month to prowl through the streets and waterways of Savannah, Ga., as part of an intense training regimen that almost certainly will lead to deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan.
National Defense April 2005 Mike Cast	Simulations Test Army Future Combat Systems The U.S. Army is testing the network of communications that enables effective communication among vehicles in combat.
National Defense November 2004 Roxana Tiron	Pentagon Seeks Joint Doctrine, Training for Personnel Recovery Despite accounting for each and every missing soldier in the Iraq war the combat search and rescue community is stretched thin and grappling with gaps ranging from policy to training.
National Defense June 2006 Sandra I. Erwin	Air-Ground Coordination in the Battlefield Found Lacking Lack of direct communications between pilots in the cockpit and troops on the ground in Iraq impede close-air support operations, says a Navy air wing commander.
National Defense July 2009 Stew Magnuson	Navy Awaits Arrival of Powerful New Radar-Equipped Aircraft The Navy's new E-2D Advanced Hawkeye surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft has a powerful new radar.
National Defense December 2003 Lawrence P. Farrell Jr.	'Access' Challenges in Expeditionary Operations The fact that friendly nations are becoming sensitive about hosting U.S. forces should be a wake-up call. Eventually, the services will need to develop a joint vision and concept of operations for how to tackle these challenges.
National Defense November 2011 Sandra I. Erwin	Marines Seek to Recapture Their Lost Sea-Warfare Skills "Dawn Blitz 2011," was a simulation of what it could be like to deploy a Marine Expeditionary Brigade force of up to 17,000, entirely from ships.
Military & Aerospace Electronics August 2004 Ben Ames	Military Warns Contractors About Pitfalls of Joint Weapons Design Pentagon planners are pushing the different service branches to share equipment and split the cost of customized-weapons development. This joint operation will help transform the American military into a lighter, faster force, they say.
National Defense April 2006 Harold Kennedy	Special Ops Sub Becomes Hub for Irregular Warfare Subs have hosted small numbers of special operators ever since World War II. Until now, however, the vessels have had space to accommodate only a handful of special operators. That is changing with the Ohio (SSGN 726) and its three sister ships.
Aviation History January 2007 Otto Kreisher	The Rise of the Helicopter During the Korean War Used primarily for search and rescue in the Korean War's early days, choppers had become an essential battlefield tool by the conflict's end.